March 14, 2024
Big Book Idea
God is at work even when we can't see it.
Behold, he passes by me, and I see him not;
he moves on, but I do not perceive him.
1 Then Job answered and said:
2
“Truly I know that it is so:
But how can a man be in the right before God?
3
If one wished to contend with him,
one could not answer him once in a thousand times.
4
He is wise in heart and mighty in strength
—who has hardened himself against him, and succeeded?—
5
he who removes mountains, and they know it not,
when he overturns them in his anger,
6
who shakes the earth out of its place,
and its pillars tremble;
7
who commands the sun, and it does not rise;
who seals up the stars;
8
who alone stretched out the heavens
and trampled the waves of the sea;
9
who made the Bear and Orion,
the Pleiades and the chambers of the south;
10
who does great things beyond searching out,
and marvelous things beyond number.
11
Behold, he passes by me, and I see him not;
he moves on, but I do not perceive him.
12
Behold, he snatches away; who can turn him back?
Who will say to him, ‘What are you doing?’
13
God will not turn back his anger;
beneath him bowed the helpers of Rahab.
14
How then can I answer him,
choosing my words with him?
15
Though I am in the right, I cannot answer him;
I must appeal for mercy to my accuser.
1
9:15
Or to my judge
16
If I summoned him and he answered me,
I would not believe that he was listening to my voice.
17
For he crushes me with a tempest
and multiplies my wounds without cause;
18
he will not let me get my breath,
but fills me with bitterness.
19
If it is a contest of strength, behold, he is mighty!
If it is a matter of justice, who can summon him?
2
9:19
Or who can grant me a hearing?
20
Though I am in the right, my own mouth would condemn me;
though I am blameless, he would prove me perverse.
21
I am blameless; I regard not myself;
I loathe my life.
22
It is all one; therefore I say,
‘He destroys both the blameless and the wicked.’
23
When disaster brings sudden death,
he mocks at the calamity
3
9:23
The meaning of the Hebrew word is uncertain
of the innocent.
24
The earth is given into the hand of the wicked;
he covers the faces of its judges—
if it is not he, who then is it?
25
My days are swifter than a runner;
they flee away; they see no good.
26
They go by like skiffs of reed,
like an eagle swooping on the prey.
27
If I say, ‘I will forget my complaint,
I will put off my sad face, and be of good cheer,’
28
I become afraid of all my suffering,
for I know you will not hold me innocent.
29
I shall be condemned;
why then do I labor in vain?
30
If I wash myself with snow
and cleanse my hands with lye,
31
yet you will plunge me into a pit,
and my own clothes will abhor me.
32
For he is not a man, as I am, that I might answer him,
that we should come to trial together.
33
There is no
4
9:33
Or Would that there were an
arbiter between us,
who might lay his hand on us both.
34
Let him take his rod away from me,
and let not dread of him terrify me.
35
Then I would speak without fear of him,
for I am not so in myself.
The unknown Israelite author of this book presents Job as a person living in Uz (see note on 1:1). Job’s godliness (1:1) matches the ideals of Israelite wisdom literature. He clearly knows Yahweh (1:21). The events of the book seem to be set in the times of the patriarchs (Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob).
The book of Job concerns itself with the question of faith in a sovereign God. Can God be trusted? Is he good and just in his rule of the world? The book shows that the reasons for human suffering often remain a secret to human beings.
In the book of Job, God seems both too close and too far away. On the one hand, Job complains that God is watching him every moment so that he cannot even swallow his spit (7:19). On the other hand, Job finds God elusive (9:11). Though God is greatly concerned about humans, he does not always answer their most agonizing questions.
At the same time, Job’s friends offer no real help. They come to “comfort” him (2:11), but Job ends up declaring them “miserable comforters” who would console him “with empty nothings” (21:34). These friends represent an oversimplified view of faith. They think that all human troubles are divine punishments for wrongdoing. Their “comfort” consists largely of urging Job to identify his sin and repent of it. These friends are negative examples of how to comfort those who are suffering.
The book illustrates that one does not need to fully understand God’s will in order to be faithful while suffering. Those who suffer need not be afraid to express to God their confusion and questions.
The book of Job was written to those who struggle with the question of how God can be good when the world is filled with suffering.
The author does not provide a formal defense of God’s justice. Rather, as Job’s friends offer their inadequate answers, the author shows how their reasoning fails. Then, in chs. 38–41, the Lord speaks in his own defense, bringing Job to fuller understanding (ch. 42).
Even during his suffering and confusion, before God finally speaks, Job can triumphantly declare, “I know that my Redeemer lives” (19:25).
Wisdom is a key term in Job, Proverbs, and Ecclesiastes. The word can mean “skilled at making sound decisions in life.” Proverbs 9:10 states that “the fear of the LORD is the beginning of wisdom.”
Elihu is the only character in the book of Job with a Hebrew name.
In the literature of the ancient Near East, the sea (9:8) is often seen as a threat to the order of nature. People looked upon the sea as something that could not be contained or conquered.
After the Lord allowed Satan to afflict Job, three of his friends, Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar, came to comfort him. However, all three wrongly assumed that Job’s suffering was the result of some hidden sin. Each man urged Job to repent so that God would have mercy on him. But Job insisted that he was innocent. Although it is true that some suffering is a result of sin, Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar oversimplified this truth. They believed that all troubles are punishments for wrongdoing, which was not the case for Job. The wrong actions of Job’s three friends should remind believers today to be wise and sensitive when dealing with people in distress. The Lord rebuked Job’s three friends and instructed Job to pray for them. (Job 42:7–9)
Job 9:1–2 When Job says, “I know that it is so,” he is most likely affirming that Bildad is right: God is just, and he will not reject the upright (8:3, 20). However, in light of these truths, and in light of how the friends have interpreted Job’s circumstances, Job slightly modifies the original question of Eliphaz (4:17) and asks, But how can a man be in the right before God? If God is just and Job is in fact innocent of the foolishness or wickedness his friends accuse him of, how can he go about arguing his case?
In the literature of the ancient Near East, the sea (9:8) is often seen as a threat to the order of nature. People looked upon the sea as something that could not be contained or conquered.
Job 9:3–10 Job does not respond further to the specifics of Bildad’s argument. Instead he describes the difficulty of anyone arguing a case before God (vv. 3–4), given his power and strength (vv. 5–10).
Job 9:13 Rahab, like Leviathan (see 3:8; compare 7:12), is the name of a beast from the myths of the non-Israelite peoples. Here the name seems to represent the forces of chaos (but see note on Isa. 30:6–7).
Job 9:22–24 Job argues that, from what one can observe in the world, both the blameless and the wicked are destroyed, both fall prey to disaster, and both suffer injustice. All of these things are governed by God (if it is not he, who then is it?).
Job 9:32–35 There is no arbiter. Job criticizes his friends for not comforting him. He longs for an impartial party to hear his case (see v. 33, ESV footnote). He also wants the threat of further suffering removed, so that he could speak freely.
Job 9 is part of the first of three cycles of debates between Job and his friends (Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar). Previously, Eliphaz had questioned Job's innocence and recommended repentance. Job expressed his anguish at his trials and sought sympathy. Then Bildad rebuked Job for his complaints and insisted that if Job were righteous, then God would restore him. Today's chapter is Job's response to Bildad.
Job considers the advice of his friends to take his case to the Lord and paints the picture of a courtroom drama with the Almighty. This line of thinking only leads to anguish as he confronts the impossibility of standing before God. His comments can be put into three categories:
Where Job Was Right
Where Job Was Wrong
Where Job Was Hoping
Much of the passage is a beautiful depiction of the overwhelmingness of God that His Church would be wise to meditate on. If you caught yourself skimming over the first verses, go back and linger to consider the magnitude of God. Unfortunately, Job blurred the line between questioning God (as an emotional outcry) and accusing God of injustice.
As Job questioned how he, a righteous man, could suffer so much, he considered his need for an arbiter to plead his case before God. This arbiter would come as a child in Bethlehem, Jesus the Savior. Jesus is the "mediator between God and men" (1 Timothy 2:5). Unbeknownst to Job, the arbiter is a truly blameless man. Though Jesus is perfectly righteous, He suffered to a greater degree than Job, or anyone else. And through His suffering, God brought salvation to the world, proving that God can produce the greatest goodness out of the worst injustice. Thus, we can trust that God is at work for good, even when we can't see it.
This month's memory verse
but God shows his love for us in that while we were still sinners, Christ died for us.
1. What does it mean that Job was "blameless" if all have sinned and fallen short of the glory of God (Romans 3:23)?
2. Since Job lived before the law of Moses was given, what standard did he use to call himself blameless?
3. Given Job's suffering despite his righteous life, how should we interpret Proverbs that indicate God rewards righteousness (e.g., Proverbs 12:28, 13:21)?
4. When facing passages that are difficult to understand, what sources do you consult, and how do you examine them? (See Acts 17:11.)
5. Do you have an "if, then" faith or an "even if" faith? ("If, then" = If God does what I want, then I will obey Him. "Even if" = Even if God does not do what I want, I will obey Him.)
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greg jones
Jason Cromwell
Michael Scaman
Amy Lowther