April 22, 2024
Big Book Idea
God is at work even when we can't see it.
"(Let me be weighed in a just balance,
and let God know my integrity!)"
1
I have made a covenant with my eyes;
how then could I gaze at a virgin?
2
What would be my portion from God above
and my heritage from the Almighty on high?
3
Is not calamity for the unrighteous,
and disaster for the workers of iniquity?
4
Does not he see my ways
and number all my steps?
5
If I have walked with falsehood
and my foot has hastened to deceit;
6
(Let me be weighed in a just balance,
and let God know my integrity!)
7
if my step has turned aside from the way
and my heart has gone after my eyes,
and if any spot has stuck to my hands,
8
then let me sow, and another eat,
and let what grows for me
1
31:8
Or let my descendants
be rooted out.
9
If my heart has been enticed toward a woman,
and I have lain in wait at my neighbor's door,
10
then let my wife grind for another,
and let others bow down on her.
11
For that would be a heinous crime;
that would be an iniquity to be punished by the judges;
12
for that would be a fire that consumes as far as Abaddon,
and it would burn to the root all my increase.
13
If I have rejected the cause of my manservant or my maidservant,
when they brought a complaint against me,
14
what then shall I do when God rises up?
When he makes inquiry, what shall I answer him?
15
Did not he who made me in the womb make him?
And did not one fashion us in the womb?
16
If I have withheld anything that the poor desired,
or have caused the eyes of the widow to fail,
17
or have eaten my morsel alone,
and the fatherless has not eaten of it
18
(for from my youth the fatherless
2
31:18
Hebrew he
grew up with me as with a father,
and from my mother's womb I guided the widow
3
31:18
Hebrew her
),
19
if I have seen anyone perish for lack of clothing,
or the needy without covering,
20
if his body has not blessed me,
4
31:20
Hebrew if his loins have not blessed me
and if he was not warmed with the fleece of my sheep,
21
if I have raised my hand against the fatherless,
because I saw my help in the gate,
22
then let my shoulder blade fall from my shoulder,
and let my arm be broken from its socket.
23
For I was in terror of calamity from God,
and I could not have faced his majesty.
24
If I have made gold my trust
or called fine gold my confidence,
25
if I have rejoiced because my wealth was abundant
or because my hand had found much,
26
if I have looked at the sun
5
31:26
Hebrew the light
when it shone,
or the moon moving in splendor,
27
and my heart has been secretly enticed,
and my mouth has kissed my hand,
28
this also would be an iniquity to be punished by the judges,
for I would have been false to God above.
29
If I have rejoiced at the ruin of him who hated me,
or exulted when evil overtook him
30
(I have not let my mouth sin
by asking for his life with a curse),
31
if the men of my tent have not said,
‘Who is there that has not been filled with his meat?’
32
(the sojourner has not lodged in the street;
I have opened my doors to the traveler),
33
if I have concealed my transgressions as others do
6
31:33
Or as Adam did
by hiding my iniquity in my heart,
34
because I stood in great fear of the multitude,
and the contempt of families terrified me,
so that I kept silence, and did not go out of doors—
35
Oh, that I had one to hear me!
(Here is my signature! Let the Almighty answer me!)
Oh, that I had the indictment written by my adversary!
36
Surely I would carry it on my shoulder;
I would bind it on me as a crown;
37
I would give him an account of all my steps;
like a prince I would approach him.
38
If my land has cried out against me
and its furrows have wept together,
39
if I have eaten its yield without payment
and made its owners breathe their last,
40
let thorns grow instead of wheat,
and foul weeds instead of barley.”
The unknown Israelite author of this book presents Job as a person living in Uz (see note on 1:1). Job’s godliness (1:1) matches the ideals of Israelite wisdom literature. He clearly knows Yahweh (1:21). The events of the book seem to be set in the times of the patriarchs (Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob).
The book of Job concerns itself with the question of faith in a sovereign God. Can God be trusted? Is he good and just in his rule of the world? The book shows that the reasons for human suffering often remain a secret to human beings.
In the book of Job, God seems both too close and too far away. On the one hand, Job complains that God is watching him every moment so that he cannot even swallow his spit (7:19). On the other hand, Job finds God elusive (9:11). Though God is greatly concerned about humans, he does not always answer their most agonizing questions.
At the same time, Job’s friends offer no real help. They come to “comfort” him (2:11), but Job ends up declaring them “miserable comforters” who would console him “with empty nothings” (21:34). These friends represent an oversimplified view of faith. They think that all human troubles are divine punishments for wrongdoing. Their “comfort” consists largely of urging Job to identify his sin and repent of it. These friends are negative examples of how to comfort those who are suffering.
The book illustrates that one does not need to fully understand God’s will in order to be faithful while suffering. Those who suffer need not be afraid to express to God their confusion and questions.
The book of Job was written to those who struggle with the question of how God can be good when the world is filled with suffering.
The author does not provide a formal defense of God’s justice. Rather, as Job’s friends offer their inadequate answers, the author shows how their reasoning fails. Then, in chs. 38–41, the Lord speaks in his own defense, bringing Job to fuller understanding (ch. 42).
Even during his suffering and confusion, before God finally speaks, Job can triumphantly declare, “I know that my Redeemer lives” (19:25).
Wisdom is a key term in Job, Proverbs, and Ecclesiastes. The word can mean “skilled at making sound decisions in life.” Proverbs 9:10 states that “the fear of the LORD is the beginning of wisdom.”
Elihu is the only character in the book of Job with a Hebrew name.
Job 31:1–4 Job believes that his life is lived before and governed by the Almighty, who does number all my steps. a covenant with my eyes. Job professes purity in avoiding sexual lust: how then could I gaze at a virgin?
Job 31:9–12 enticed toward a woman. Job had avoided adultery, knowing that it can have far-reaching destructive effects like fire (see also Prov. 6:27–29). burn to the root all my increase. A judge could order heavy fines on an adulterer.
Job 31:13–15 Job met the needs of his servants, so that they would not have a complaint against him for which he would have no answer for God.
Job 31:16–23 The law commanded Israelites to care for the poor, widow, fatherless, and needy (Ex. 22:21–27). Job lived this way because he believed God weighed his actions and that calamity was the consequence for the unrighteous (Job 31:23; compare vv. 2–4).
Job 31:24–28 Job has guarded against the idolatry of trusting in the wealth that God has provided rather than trusting in God himself. He has also avoided the idolatry of worshiping what God has created.
Job 31:31–32 Who is there that has not been filled with his meat? Job’s household was always well fed. the sojourner has not lodged in the street. Lodging was of critical importance to protect strangers from the dangers of the streets at night.
Job 31:33 as others do. See ESV footnote.
Job 31:35–37 Job wishes once again for an answer regarding his offenses (see vv. 13–15). Then he could give an account of all my steps to the One who numbers them (see v. 4).
26:1–31:40 Job: The Power of God, Place of Wisdom, and Path of Integrity. Up until now, the dialogue between Job and his three friends has followed a pattern in which each speech by Job is followed by responses from the friends in a particular order: Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar. After two full cycles of the dialogue, it appears that Job is tired of the repetitive nature of his friends’ responses. He signals the end of the dialogue by cutting Bildad’s third response short and refusing to allow any third speech from Zophar. Job concludes with a lengthy monologue in which he takes up several themes. The friends’ presumed knowledge does not necessarily promote justice nor take into consideration the mystery of God’s ways (26:1–14). Job cannot agree that his suffering reveals wickedness, and he wishes that those who oppose him would be cut off along with the wicked (27:1–23). Job describes the value, mystery, and place of wisdom (28:1–28). He longs for the past (29:1–25), laments the present (30:1–31), and finishes with a plea that the true character of his life would be revealed and would be properly judged (31:1–40).
Job 29:1–31:40 Chapters 29–31 conclude the dialogues with Job’s reflections on his current and future state.
If you've seen me around, you know my response to the question "How are you?" is typically "Life is good, life is kind!" Periodically, my community brother will retort, "That's not true; life isn't always good or kind." Job would agree. The guy suffered unspeakable trauma yet contended he had done nothing to deserve it. And he's right. God even corroborates Job's claim (Job 1:8, 22). So what gives? God always operates according to the principle of justice, right?
So far, this book attempts to answer that question and reads like a courtroom drama. You have these friends testifying that Job must be guilty of sin, and Job cross-examines, proclaiming his innocence. Chapter 31 is Job's closing argument, and he calls on God Himself to testify. Job's frustration here is palpable. His life illustrates that things aren't always kind or just, and sometimes it's the most faithful people whom God will allow to suffer through no fault of their own.
To be clear, oftentimes it's our own folly that leads to our suffering, and rightly do we incur the consequences of our rebellion (Proverbs 19:3). But what about times like Paul in Lystra, where they stoned him until they thought he was dead just for bringing them the Good News. Once revived, Paul went right back into the city (Acts 14:15-20)!
Now either that brother was nuts, or Paul knew something extraordinary. From an earthly perspective, Paul was often in horrible situations, yet could sing while beaten and in prison! (Acts 16:25) That's a different attitude amidst suffering. Why? I think Paul knew he was living in the will of God; and in humility, he had an eternal perspective.
When you go to bed, the softest pillow is knowing you are right in the fairway of God's revealed will; then you can sleep like a baby—even if His will has you sleeping in prison (consider Peter in Acts 12:6)! There are times in life when we cannot trace God's hand. Yet, if He did not spare His own Son but gave Him up for us, we can trust His heart regardless of circumstances.
This month's memory verse
But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, self-control; against such things there is no law.
1. "The patience of Job" is a popular idiom, the source of which comes from James 5:11, and is often used to describe someone who perseveres in the face of hardships. Can that be said of you? When times are tough, are you marked as someone who patiently perseveres in service, prayer, and worship to God?
2. What are some verses or passages from the Bible that you have memorized or can memorize to remind you of truth when trials hit?
3. One of the lies Job was fed from his friends is that "suffering is always a punishment from God for sin." What are some lies that you are tempted to believe, either from yourself or from others, that can hinder your fruitfulness for God?
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Michael Scaman
greg jones
Michael Sisson
Amy Lowther
Sue Bohlin
Michael Scaman