June 6, 2024
Big Book Idea
Thinking and feeling God's way.
Who is this King of glory?
The LORD of hosts,
he is the King of glory! Selah
1
The earth is the LORD's and the fullness thereof,
1
24:1
Or and all that fills it
the world and those who dwell therein,
2
for he has founded it upon the seas
and established it upon the rivers.
3
Who shall ascend the hill of the LORD?
And who shall stand in his holy place?
4
He who has clean hands and a pure heart,
who does not lift up his soul to what is false
and does not swear deceitfully.
5
He will receive blessing from the LORD
and righteousness from the God of his salvation.
6
Such is the generation of those who seek him,
who seek the face of the God of Jacob.
2
24:6
Septuagint, Syriac, and two Hebrew manuscripts; Masoretic Text who seek your face, Jacob
Selah
7
Lift up your heads, O gates!
And be lifted up, O ancient doors,
that the King of glory may come in.
8
Who is this King of glory?
The LORD, strong and mighty,
the LORD, mighty in battle!
9
Lift up your heads, O gates!
And lift them up, O ancient doors,
that the King of glory may come in.
10
Who is this King of glory?
The LORD of hosts,
he is the King of glory! Selah
Individual psalms come from diverse periods of Israel’s history, but at every stage they served as the songbook of God’s people. David wrote about half of the Psalms. His role as king was more than that of a ruler. He was to represent and even embody the people, and their well-being was tied to his faithfulness. David, then, writes as a representative, and the readers must discern whether the emphasis of a psalm is more on his role as ruler or more on his role as ideal Israelite, in which he is an example for all. The historical occasions mentioned in the psalm titles help the reader see how faith applies to real-life situations.
The Psalter is fundamentally the hymnbook of God’s people. It takes the basic themes of OT theology and turns them into song:
The Psalms can be identified according to some basic categories:
Laments, which lay a troubled situation before the Lord, asking him for help. There are community (Psalm 12) and individual (Psalm 13) laments. This category is the largest by far, including up to a third of all Psalms.
Hymns of praise, which call God’s people to admire his great attributes and deeds. Examples include Psalms 8; 93; and 145.
Hymns of thanksgiving. As with laments, there are community (Psalm 9) and individual (Psalm 30) thanksgiving psalms.
Hymns celebrating God’s law (Psalm 119).
Wisdom psalms (Psalms 1; 37), which reflect themes from the Wisdom Books (Job, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon).
Songs of confidence, which enable worshipers to deepen their trust in God amid difficult circumstances (Psalm 23).
Royal psalms, which present the Davidic monarchy as the vehicle of blessing for God’s people. Some of these are prayers (Psalm 20), some are thanksgivings (Psalm 21). All relate to the Messiah, the ultimate heir of David, either by setting a pattern (Psalms 20–21) or by portraying the king’s reign in such a way that only the Messiah can completely fulfill it (Psalms 2; 72), or by focusing on the future (Psalm 110).
Historical psalms, which take lessons from the history of God’s dealings with his people (Psalm 78).
Prophetic hymns, which echo the Prophets, calling people to covenant faithfulness (Psalm 81).
The standard Hebrew text divides the Psalms into five “books,” perhaps in imitation of the five books of the Pentateuch.
Book 1 | Psalms 1–41 | Psalms 1–2 provide an introduction to the Psalms as a whole. Except for Psalms 10 and 33, the remaining psalms of Book 1 are psalms of David. Most of them are prayers of distress. Others are statements of confidence in the God who alone can save (e.g., 9; 11; 16; 18), striking the note that concludes the book (40–41). Reflections on ethics and worship are found in Psalms 1; 14–15; 19; 24; and 26. |
Book 2 | Psalms 42–72 | Book 2 introduces the first group of psalms by the “sons of Korah” (42; 44–49; 50). There are also more psalms of David (51–65; 68–69), including most of the “historical” psalms (51–52; 54; 56–57; 59–60; 63). Once again, lament and distress dominate these prayers, which now also include a communal voice (e.g., 44; compare 67; 68). The lone psalm attributed to Solomon concludes Book 2 with a look at God’s ideal for Israel’s kings—ultimately pointing to Christ as the final great King of God’s people. |
Book 3 | Psalms 73–89 | The tone darkens further in Book 3. The opening Psalm 73 starkly questions the justice of God before seeing light in God’s presence. That light has almost escaped the psalmist in Psalm 88, the bleakest of all psalms. Book 2 ended with the high point of royal aspirations; Book 3 concludes in Psalm 89 with these expectations badly threatened. Sharp rays of hope occasionally pierce the darkness (e.g., 75; 85; 87). The brief third book contains most of the psalms of Asaph (73–83), as well as another set of Korah psalms (84–85; 87–88). |
Book 4 | Psalms 90–106 | Psalm 90 opens the fourth book of the psalms. It may be seen as the first response to the problems raised by Book 3. Psalm 90, attributed to Moses, reminds the worshiper that God was active on Israel’s behalf long before David. This theme is taken up in Psalms 103–106, which summarize God’s dealings with his people before any kings reigned. In between there is a group of psalms (93–100) characterized by the refrain “The LORD reigns.” This truth refutes the doubts of Psalm 89. |
Book 5 | Psalms 107–150 | The structure of Book 5 reflects the closing petition of Book 4 in 106:47. It declares that God does answer prayer (107) and concludes with five Hallelujah psalms (146–150). In between there are several psalms affirming the validity of the promises to David (110; 132; 144), two collections of Davidic psalms (108–110; 138–145); the longest psalm, celebrating the value of God’s law (119); and 15 psalms of ascent for use by pilgrims to Jerusalem (120–134). |
What was the main purpose of the Psalms for the people of God? The Psalms were the songbook of the people of God when they gathered for worship.
What is a psalm of lament? The main purpose of a psalm of lament is to tell the Lord about a difficult situation, to ask him for his help, and to praise him for helping. Some laments are community, congregational psalms. Others are individual, personal laments. One third of all the Psalms are psalms of lament.
What defined someone as an “enemy” of the people of Israel? The “enemies” mentioned in the Psalms (e.g., 18:17) were people hostile to the faith of God’s people. Sometimes they expressed their hatred by physically attacking the people of Israel, while other times they merely rejoiced when Israel faced misfortunes.
What does Selah mean? Although the word Selah is found 39 times in the book of Psalms, its exact meaning is uncertain. Most scholars believe it is a musical term or a term to be used by a worship leader, possibly to mark a pause.
Snares (38:12) were traps used to catch birds and animals. Some snares used ropes or nets that would be triggered as soon as the bait was touched. Pits disguised with sticks and leaves were also used as snares. In the Psalms, snares serve as symbols of danger or death at the hands of the wicked.
A helpful guide. The writers of the Psalms understood the importance of constant communication with God. They knew that God would hear their prayers, and they trusted him to act on their behalf. Believers today can benefit greatly by patterning their prayers after specific psalms.
Summers in Israel can be very hot, depending on where one is (see 32:4). In places like Masada, near the Dead Sea, temperatures can soar past 110 degrees Fahrenheit (43° C) without a drop of rain. However, Jerusalem, with its higher elevation, remains cooler with temperatures between 75 and 85 degrees (24 to 29° C).
Psalm | Incident in David’s Life | References |
---|---|---|
3 | David flees from and battles Absalom | 2 Samuel 15–17 |
7 | The words of Cush, a Benjaminite (persecution by Saul?) | Unknown |
18 | David delivered from enemies and from Saul | 2 Samuel 22 |
30 | Dedication of the temple | Nothing in David’s lifetime; see 1 Kings 8:63 |
34 | David delivered from danger by feigning madness in the presence of King Achish of Gath | 1 Sam. 21:12–22:1 |
51 | Nathan confronts David about his adultery with Bathsheba | 2 Samuel 11–12 |
52 | Doeg the Edomite tells Saul that David went to the house of Ahimelech | 1 Sam. 22:9–19 |
54 | The Ziphites tell Saul that David is hiding among them | 1 Sam. 23:19 |
56 | The Philistines seize David in Gath | 1 Sam. 21:10–11 |
57 | David flees from Saul into a cave | 1 Sam. 22:1 or 24:3 |
59 | Saul sends men to watch David’s house in order to kill him | 1 Sam. 19:11 |
60 | David’s victory over Transjordan | 2 Sam. 8:1–14 |
63 | David in the desert of Judah | 2 Samuel 15–17?; 1 Sam. 23:14–15? |
142 | David flees from Saul into a cave | Same as Psalm 57 |
The standard Hebrew text divides the Psalms into five “books,” perhaps in imitation of the five books of the Pentateuch.
Book 1 | Psalms 1–41 | Psalms 1–2 provide an introduction to the Psalms as a whole. Except for Psalms 10 and 33, the remaining psalms of Book 1 are psalms of David. Most of them are prayers of distress. Others are statements of confidence in the God who alone can save (e.g., 9; 11; 16; 18), striking the note that concludes the book (40–41). Reflections on ethics and worship are found in Psalms 1; 14–15; 19; 24; and 26. |
Book 2 | Psalms 42–72 | Book 2 introduces the first group of psalms by the “sons of Korah” (42; 44–49; 50). There are also more psalms of David (51–65; 68–69), including most of the “historical” psalms (51–52; 54; 56–57; 59–60; 63). Once again, lament and distress dominate these prayers, which now also include a communal voice (e.g., 44; compare 67; 68). The lone psalm attributed to Solomon concludes Book 2 with a look at God’s ideal for Israel’s kings—ultimately pointing to Christ as the final great King of God’s people. |
Book 3 | Psalms 73–89 | The tone darkens further in Book 3. The opening Psalm 73 starkly questions the justice of God before seeing light in God’s presence. That light has almost escaped the psalmist in Psalm 88, the bleakest of all psalms. Book 2 ended with the high point of royal aspirations; Book 3 concludes in Psalm 89 with these expectations badly threatened. Sharp rays of hope occasionally pierce the darkness (e.g., 75; 85; 87). The brief third book contains most of the psalms of Asaph (73–83), as well as another set of Korah psalms (84–85; 87–88). |
Book 4 | Psalms 90–106 | Psalm 90 opens the fourth book of the psalms. It may be seen as the first response to the problems raised by Book 3. Psalm 90, attributed to Moses, reminds the worshiper that God was active on Israel’s behalf long before David. This theme is taken up in Psalms 103–106, which summarize God’s dealings with his people before any kings reigned. In between there is a group of psalms (93–100) characterized by the refrain “The LORD reigns.” This truth refutes the doubts of Psalm 89. |
Book 5 | Psalms 107–150 | The structure of Book 5 reflects the closing petition of Book 4 in 106:47. It declares that God does answer prayer (107) and concludes with five Hallelujah psalms (146–150). In between there are several psalms affirming the validity of the promises to David (110; 132; 144), two collections of Davidic psalms (108–110; 138–145); the longest psalm, celebrating the value of God’s law (119); and 15 psalms of ascent for use by pilgrims to Jerusalem (120–134). |
Romans 3 | OT Reference |
---|---|
Sinful Condition | |
v. 10, none is righteous | Ps. 14:3/53:3; Eccles. 7:20 |
v. 11a, no one understands | Ps. 14:2/53:2 |
v. 11b, no one seeks for God | Ps. 14:2/53:2 |
v. 12, all have turned aside; together they have become worthless; no one does good, not even one | Ps. 14:3/53:3 |
Sinful Speech (note progression from throat to tongue to lips) | |
v. 13a, b, their throat is an open grave; they use their tongues to deceive | Ps. 5:10, Septuagint (English, 5:9) |
v. 13c, the venom of asps is under their lips | Ps. 140:3 |
v. 14, their mouth is full of curses and bitterness | Ps. 10:7 |
Sinful Action | |
v. 15, their feet are swift to shed blood | Prov. 1:16/Isa. 59:7 |
v. 16, in their paths are ruin and misery | Isa. 59:7 |
v. 17, and the way of peace they have not known | Isa. 59:8 |
Summary Statement | |
v. 18, there is no fear of God before their eyes | Ps. 36:1 |
Ps. 24:1–2 The Lord is the one who founded the world, where human beings dwell. Humans dwell on the land, rather than on the seas (compare Gen. 1:9–10). In 1 Cor. 10:26, Paul quotes Ps. 24:1 to explain that, since God owns everything, the believer may eat any kind of food with a clear conscience.
Psalm | Incident in David’s Life | References |
---|---|---|
3 | David flees from and battles Absalom | 2 Samuel 15–17 |
7 | The words of Cush, a Benjaminite (persecution by Saul?) | Unknown |
18 | David delivered from enemies and from Saul | 2 Samuel 22 |
30 | Dedication of the temple | Nothing in David’s lifetime; see 1 Kings 8:63 |
34 | David delivered from danger by feigning madness in the presence of King Achish of Gath | 1 Sam. 21:12–22:1 |
51 | Nathan confronts David about his adultery with Bathsheba | 2 Samuel 11–12 |
52 | Doeg the Edomite tells Saul that David went to the house of Ahimelech | 1 Sam. 22:9–19 |
54 | The Ziphites tell Saul that David is hiding among them | 1 Sam. 23:19 |
56 | The Philistines seize David in Gath | 1 Sam. 21:10–11 |
57 | David flees from Saul into a cave | 1 Sam. 22:1 or 24:3 |
59 | Saul sends men to watch David’s house in order to kill him | 1 Sam. 19:11 |
60 | David’s victory over Transjordan | 2 Sam. 8:1–14 |
63 | David in the desert of Judah | 2 Samuel 15–17?; 1 Sam. 23:14–15? |
142 | David flees from Saul into a cave | Same as Psalm 57 |
Ps. 24:3–6 Every Israelite has the right to attend worship at the sanctuary (the hill of the LORD, his holy place), but not everyone will really receive blessing, and not everyone will enjoy the status of righteousness. God expects the Israelites to show by behavior that they truly are his people (vv. 4, 6). This is a recurring theme in the OT: see 15:1–5; 51:16–19; Prov. 15:8; Isa. 1:11–17.
Psalm Ps. 24. This psalm seems to be intended for public worship—perhaps a celebration remembering how David brought the ark of the Lord into Jerusalem (2 Samuel 6).
Ps. 24:7–10 The people bearing the ark announce God’s presence in the ark, seeking entry into his sanctuary (v. 7). The people inside the sanctuary reply, Who is this King of glory? The people bearing the ark then say who the Lord is (The LORD, strong and mighty, the LORD, mighty in battle!) and then repeat the request for entry (v. 9).
Summers in Israel can be very hot, depending on where one is (see 32:4). In places like Masada, near the Dead Sea, temperatures can soar past 110 degrees Fahrenheit (43° C) without a drop of rain. However, Jerusalem, with its higher elevation, remains cooler with temperatures between 75 and 85 degrees (24 to 29° C).
This year I reread The Knowledge of the Holy by A.W. Tozer. It challenged me to think and pray about the ways I deny the sovereignty of God in my life—the ways I act like I am the king, and how I treat things as if I am sovereign and they are "mine."
If, as Psalm 24 says, He is the King of Glory, sovereign over all things —the earth and everything in it (Psalm 24:1), then what do I wrongly think of as "mine"?
Everything comes from God (1 Chronicles 29:14b), and He gets all the glory (1 Corinthians 10:31). I get none of it (Psalm 115:1) and can take no credit for anything good in my life. He is the giver of all good and perfect gifts (James 1:17).
Acknowledging that reality is part of me having clean hands and a pure heart and not lifting up my soul to what is false. When I acknowledge Him as the King of Glory, He rules my heart as its rightful King.
So what does it look like for me to acknowledge Him as the King of Glory? For me, it means not thinking I can control anything. It means turning to Him with all my cares, all my needs, all my worries, all my joys, all my possessions, my everything. It means asking Him what He wants from me in every circumstance. Is it time for me to praise Him for what He has done/is doing? Is it time for me to give Him the credit for what is happening and not take it for myself? Is it a time for me to die to self, pick up my cross, and follow Him?
Moment by moment, I must trust the King of Glory. Moment by moment, I must follow Him. Moment by moment, I must remember it is all to the glory of God and never to the glory of Todd.
This month's memory verse
And Jesus came and said to them, “All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me. Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you. And behold, I am with you always, to the end of the age.”
1. What does it look like for me to turn over more of my life to the King of Glory? Where do I struggle with believing that I am the king?
2. How do I act like my life, possessions, and time are my own, not God's?
3. Is there any part of my life where I keep God and His people at arm's length? If so, where and why?
4. Do I fail to give God the glory He deserves? Where and why?
5. Where do I think it is OK for me to get the glory (credit), and what can I learn about myself from it?
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