June 28, 2024
Big Book Idea
Thinking and feeling God's way.
I have told the glad news of deliverance in the great congregation;
behold, I have not restrained my lips,
as you know, O LORD.
I have not hidden your deliverance within my heart;
I have spoken of your faithfulness and your salvation;
I have not concealed your steadfast love and your faithfulness from the great congregation.
1
I waited patiently for the LORD;
he inclined to me and heard my cry.
2
He drew me up from the pit of destruction,
out of the miry bog,
and set my feet upon a rock,
making my steps secure.
3
He put a new song in my mouth,
a song of praise to our God.
Many will see and fear,
and put their trust in the LORD.
4
Blessed is the man who makes
the LORD his trust,
who does not turn to the proud,
to those who go astray after a lie!
5
You have multiplied, O LORD my God,
your wondrous deeds and your thoughts toward us;
none can compare with you!
I will proclaim and tell of them,
yet they are more than can be told.
6
In sacrifice and offering you have not delighted,
but you have given me an open ear.
1
40:6
Hebrew ears you have dug for me
Burnt offering and sin offering
you have not required.
7
Then I said, “Behold, I have come;
in the scroll of the book it is written of me:
8
I delight to do your will, O my God;
your law is within my heart.”
9
I have told the glad news of deliverance
2
40:9
Hebrew righteousness; also verse 10
in the great congregation;
behold, I have not restrained my lips,
as you know, O LORD.
10
I have not hidden your deliverance within my heart;
I have spoken of your faithfulness and your salvation;
I have not concealed your steadfast love and your faithfulness
from the great congregation.
11
As for you, O LORD, you will not restrain
your mercy from me;
your steadfast love and your faithfulness will
ever preserve me!
12
For evils have encompassed me
beyond number;
my iniquities have overtaken me,
and I cannot see;
they are more than the hairs of my head;
my heart fails me.
13
Be pleased, O LORD, to deliver me!
O LORD, make haste to help me!
14
Let those be put to shame and disappointed altogether
who seek to snatch away my life;
let those be turned back and brought to dishonor
who delight in my hurt!
15
Let those be appalled because of their shame
who say to me, “Aha, Aha!”
16
But may all who seek you
rejoice and be glad in you;
may those who love your salvation
say continually, “Great is the LORD!”
17
As for me, I am poor and needy,
but the Lord takes thought for me.
You are my help and my deliverer;
do not delay, O my God!
Individual psalms come from diverse periods of Israel’s history, but at every stage they served as the songbook of God’s people. David wrote about half of the Psalms. His role as king was more than that of a ruler. He was to represent and even embody the people, and their well-being was tied to his faithfulness. David, then, writes as a representative, and the readers must discern whether the emphasis of a psalm is more on his role as ruler or more on his role as ideal Israelite, in which he is an example for all. The historical occasions mentioned in the psalm titles help the reader see how faith applies to real-life situations.
The Psalter is fundamentally the hymnbook of God’s people. It takes the basic themes of OT theology and turns them into song:
The Psalms can be identified according to some basic categories:
Laments, which lay a troubled situation before the Lord, asking him for help. There are community (Psalm 12) and individual (Psalm 13) laments. This category is the largest by far, including up to a third of all Psalms.
Hymns of praise, which call God’s people to admire his great attributes and deeds. Examples include Psalms 8; 93; and 145.
Hymns of thanksgiving. As with laments, there are community (Psalm 9) and individual (Psalm 30) thanksgiving psalms.
Hymns celebrating God’s law (Psalm 119).
Wisdom psalms (Psalms 1; 37), which reflect themes from the Wisdom Books (Job, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon).
Songs of confidence, which enable worshipers to deepen their trust in God amid difficult circumstances (Psalm 23).
Royal psalms, which present the Davidic monarchy as the vehicle of blessing for God’s people. Some of these are prayers (Psalm 20), some are thanksgivings (Psalm 21). All relate to the Messiah, the ultimate heir of David, either by setting a pattern (Psalms 20–21) or by portraying the king’s reign in such a way that only the Messiah can completely fulfill it (Psalms 2; 72), or by focusing on the future (Psalm 110).
Historical psalms, which take lessons from the history of God’s dealings with his people (Psalm 78).
Prophetic hymns, which echo the Prophets, calling people to covenant faithfulness (Psalm 81).
The standard Hebrew text divides the Psalms into five “books,” perhaps in imitation of the five books of the Pentateuch.
Book 1 | Psalms 1–41 | Psalms 1–2 provide an introduction to the Psalms as a whole. Except for Psalms 10 and 33, the remaining psalms of Book 1 are psalms of David. Most of them are prayers of distress. Others are statements of confidence in the God who alone can save (e.g., 9; 11; 16; 18), striking the note that concludes the book (40–41). Reflections on ethics and worship are found in Psalms 1; 14–15; 19; 24; and 26. |
Book 2 | Psalms 42–72 | Book 2 introduces the first group of psalms by the “sons of Korah” (42; 44–49; 50). There are also more psalms of David (51–65; 68–69), including most of the “historical” psalms (51–52; 54; 56–57; 59–60; 63). Once again, lament and distress dominate these prayers, which now also include a communal voice (e.g., 44; compare 67; 68). The lone psalm attributed to Solomon concludes Book 2 with a look at God’s ideal for Israel’s kings—ultimately pointing to Christ as the final great King of God’s people. |
Book 3 | Psalms 73–89 | The tone darkens further in Book 3. The opening Psalm 73 starkly questions the justice of God before seeing light in God’s presence. That light has almost escaped the psalmist in Psalm 88, the bleakest of all psalms. Book 2 ended with the high point of royal aspirations; Book 3 concludes in Psalm 89 with these expectations badly threatened. Sharp rays of hope occasionally pierce the darkness (e.g., 75; 85; 87). The brief third book contains most of the psalms of Asaph (73–83), as well as another set of Korah psalms (84–85; 87–88). |
Book 4 | Psalms 90–106 | Psalm 90 opens the fourth book of the psalms. It may be seen as the first response to the problems raised by Book 3. Psalm 90, attributed to Moses, reminds the worshiper that God was active on Israel’s behalf long before David. This theme is taken up in Psalms 103–106, which summarize God’s dealings with his people before any kings reigned. In between there is a group of psalms (93–100) characterized by the refrain “The LORD reigns.” This truth refutes the doubts of Psalm 89. |
Book 5 | Psalms 107–150 | The structure of Book 5 reflects the closing petition of Book 4 in 106:47. It declares that God does answer prayer (107) and concludes with five Hallelujah psalms (146–150). In between there are several psalms affirming the validity of the promises to David (110; 132; 144), two collections of Davidic psalms (108–110; 138–145); the longest psalm, celebrating the value of God’s law (119); and 15 psalms of ascent for use by pilgrims to Jerusalem (120–134). |
What was the main purpose of the Psalms for the people of God? The Psalms were the songbook of the people of God when they gathered for worship.
What is a psalm of lament? The main purpose of a psalm of lament is to tell the Lord about a difficult situation, to ask him for his help, and to praise him for helping. Some laments are community, congregational psalms. Others are individual, personal laments. One third of all the Psalms are psalms of lament.
What defined someone as an “enemy” of the people of Israel? The “enemies” mentioned in the Psalms (e.g., 18:17) were people hostile to the faith of God’s people. Sometimes they expressed their hatred by physically attacking the people of Israel, while other times they merely rejoiced when Israel faced misfortunes.
What does Selah mean? Although the word Selah is found 39 times in the book of Psalms, its exact meaning is uncertain. Most scholars believe it is a musical term or a term to be used by a worship leader, possibly to mark a pause.
Snares (38:12) were traps used to catch birds and animals. Some snares used ropes or nets that would be triggered as soon as the bait was touched. Pits disguised with sticks and leaves were also used as snares. In the Psalms, snares serve as symbols of danger or death at the hands of the wicked.
A helpful guide. The writers of the Psalms understood the importance of constant communication with God. They knew that God would hear their prayers, and they trusted him to act on their behalf. Believers today can benefit greatly by patterning their prayers after specific psalms.
The standard Hebrew text divides the Psalms into five “books,” perhaps in imitation of the five books of the Pentateuch.
Book 1 | Psalms 1–41 | Psalms 1–2 provide an introduction to the Psalms as a whole. Except for Psalms 10 and 33, the remaining psalms of Book 1 are psalms of David. Most of them are prayers of distress. Others are statements of confidence in the God who alone can save (e.g., 9; 11; 16; 18), striking the note that concludes the book (40–41). Reflections on ethics and worship are found in Psalms 1; 14–15; 19; 24; and 26. |
Book 2 | Psalms 42–72 | Book 2 introduces the first group of psalms by the “sons of Korah” (42; 44–49; 50). There are also more psalms of David (51–65; 68–69), including most of the “historical” psalms (51–52; 54; 56–57; 59–60; 63). Once again, lament and distress dominate these prayers, which now also include a communal voice (e.g., 44; compare 67; 68). The lone psalm attributed to Solomon concludes Book 2 with a look at God’s ideal for Israel’s kings—ultimately pointing to Christ as the final great King of God’s people. |
Book 3 | Psalms 73–89 | The tone darkens further in Book 3. The opening Psalm 73 starkly questions the justice of God before seeing light in God’s presence. That light has almost escaped the psalmist in Psalm 88, the bleakest of all psalms. Book 2 ended with the high point of royal aspirations; Book 3 concludes in Psalm 89 with these expectations badly threatened. Sharp rays of hope occasionally pierce the darkness (e.g., 75; 85; 87). The brief third book contains most of the psalms of Asaph (73–83), as well as another set of Korah psalms (84–85; 87–88). |
Book 4 | Psalms 90–106 | Psalm 90 opens the fourth book of the psalms. It may be seen as the first response to the problems raised by Book 3. Psalm 90, attributed to Moses, reminds the worshiper that God was active on Israel’s behalf long before David. This theme is taken up in Psalms 103–106, which summarize God’s dealings with his people before any kings reigned. In between there is a group of psalms (93–100) characterized by the refrain “The LORD reigns.” This truth refutes the doubts of Psalm 89. |
Book 5 | Psalms 107–150 | The structure of Book 5 reflects the closing petition of Book 4 in 106:47. It declares that God does answer prayer (107) and concludes with five Hallelujah psalms (146–150). In between there are several psalms affirming the validity of the promises to David (110; 132; 144), two collections of Davidic psalms (108–110; 138–145); the longest psalm, celebrating the value of God’s law (119); and 15 psalms of ascent for use by pilgrims to Jerusalem (120–134). |
Romans 3 | OT Reference |
---|---|
Sinful Condition | |
v. 10, none is righteous | Ps. 14:3/53:3; Eccles. 7:20 |
v. 11a, no one understands | Ps. 14:2/53:2 |
v. 11b, no one seeks for God | Ps. 14:2/53:2 |
v. 12, all have turned aside; together they have become worthless; no one does good, not even one | Ps. 14:3/53:3 |
Sinful Speech (note progression from throat to tongue to lips) | |
v. 13a, b, their throat is an open grave; they use their tongues to deceive | Ps. 5:10, Septuagint (English, 5:9) |
v. 13c, the venom of asps is under their lips | Ps. 140:3 |
v. 14, their mouth is full of curses and bitterness | Ps. 10:7 |
Sinful Action | |
v. 15, their feet are swift to shed blood | Prov. 1:16/Isa. 59:7 |
v. 16, in their paths are ruin and misery | Isa. 59:7 |
v. 17, and the way of peace they have not known | Isa. 59:8 |
Summary Statement | |
v. 18, there is no fear of God before their eyes | Ps. 36:1 |
Ps. 40:6–8 Offering sacrifices without faith, repentance, and obedience is useless (see 50:8–15; 51:16–19; Isa. 1:11–17; Heb. 10:5–7). An open ear is one ready to listen to and obey God’s words.
Ps. 40:1–10 The singer reflects on previous situations in which he called on God for help (vv. 1–3). These situations have reinforced the lesson, blessed is the man who makes the LORD his trust (v. 4). The song also teaches that one needs to thank God publicly for his help (vv. 3, 9–10).
Psalm Ps. 40. This psalm combines thanks for past mercies with a new request for God’s help.
Ps. 40:11–17 Verse 11 alludes to Ex. 34:6. Previous experiences provide assurance that, in the current difficulties (evils . . . beyond number and my iniquities, Ps. 40:12), God will again make haste to help the singer (v. 13). The faithful (all who seek the Lord) will rejoice and be glad (v. 16) when the singer tells the “glad news” in the “great congregation” (v. 9).
This holy book is chock-full of stories of God's faithfulness. My story is a testament to the same message: God is exactly who He says He is. He is good.
Throughout the Old Testament, we see the Israelites build altars of remembrance for the purpose of not forgetting these moments of faithfulness (e.g., Joshua 4). This practice was essential because when our minds have a correct view of God, the ability to follow Him in our actions falls into place.
If I believe He is the breath in my lungs, I do not worry about sickness.
If I believe He is sovereign over the material world, I do not fear natural disaster.
If I believe He is working all things together for my good, I can trust what is happening in my day-to-day life.
If you are reading this and saying, "That's great, Katterli, but you don't know what He has allowed to happen to me. How can that be good?" I hear you. More importantly, God hears you; and He is not afraid of your questions! Search His Word and meet His Son. Jesus died for all of the sin and pain we have experienced and He offers us hope and joy.
I cannot keep that hope to myself! I am so drawn to Jesus, yet sometimes I'm not sure what to actually do. Become a missionary? Sell everything I have? But what about my family members who have not accepted Christ?
David makes this simple for us as he provides statements I want to be true about my life in Psalm 40:9-10. I love to make lists when I'm studying. Here are two from our key verse.
I have:
Told the glad news of deliverance
and
Spoken of [His] faithfulness and [His] salvation
I have not:
Restrained my lips,
Hidden [His] deliverance
and
Concealed [His] steadfast love and [His] faithfulness
Our job is simple. In response to a right understanding of God, we are to tell others of the gospel of Jesus Christ and the goodness of God. May I, like David, continually say, "Great is the LORD!" (Psalm 40:16)
This month's memory verse
And Jesus came and said to them, “All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me. Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you. And behold, I am with you always, to the end of the age.”
1. Do you believe that God is good?
2. Take a minute to reflect on God's faithfulness. Where have you seen Him show up? In your family? At work or school?
3. Do you feel equipped to have gospel conversations with nonbelievers? If yes, who in your life are you engaging for the sake of the gospel? Pray for them right now. If not, what obstacle is deterring you? Be specific! Pray with honesty and ask God for wisdom and courage. Share with your community group who will not only encourage you, but also hold you accountable to the Great Commission.
Watermark's evangelism ministry, Unashamed, is an incredible resource to practice sharing our faith with support. One of Watermark's equipping ministries, Equipped Disciple, encourages you to meditate on and memorize Scripture to be able to share the gospel.
As we gear up to release even more features for Join The Journey in 2025, our staff team, unfortunately, no longer has the margin to continue to support the comment functionality. We have big things in store for Join The Journey 2025. Stay tuned!
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