January 1, 2024
Big Book Idea
Living wisely: God's way.
The fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge;
fools despise wisdom and instruction.
1 The proverbs of Solomon, son of David, king of Israel:
2
To know wisdom and instruction,
to understand words of insight,
3
to receive instruction in wise dealing,
in righteousness, justice, and equity;
4
to give prudence to the simple,
knowledge and discretion to the youth—
5
Let the wise hear and increase in learning,
and the one who understands obtain guidance,
6
to understand a proverb and a saying,
the words of the wise and their riddles.
7
The fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge;
fools despise wisdom and instruction.
8
Hear, my son, your father's instruction,
and forsake not your mother's teaching,
9
for they are a graceful garland for your head
and pendants for your neck.
10
My son, if sinners entice you,
do not consent.
11
If they say, “Come with us, let us lie in wait for blood;
let us ambush the innocent without reason;
12
like Sheol let us swallow them alive,
and whole, like those who go down to the pit;
13
we shall find all precious goods,
we shall fill our houses with plunder;
14
throw in your lot among us;
we will all have one purse”—
15
my son, do not walk in the way with them;
hold back your foot from their paths,
16
for their feet run to evil,
and they make haste to shed blood.
17
For in vain is a net spread
in the sight of any bird,
18
but these men lie in wait for their own blood;
they set an ambush for their own lives.
19
Such are the ways of everyone who is greedy for unjust gain;
it takes away the life of its possessors.
20
Wisdom cries aloud in the street,
in the markets she raises her voice;
21
at the head of the noisy streets she cries out;
at the entrance of the city gates she speaks:
22
“How long, O simple ones, will you love being simple?
How long will scoffers delight in their scoffing
and fools hate knowledge?
23
If you turn at my reproof,
1
1:23
Or Will you turn away at my reproof?
behold, I will pour out my spirit to you;
I will make my words known to you.
24
Because I have called and you refused to listen,
have stretched out my hand and no one has heeded,
25
because you have ignored all my counsel
and would have none of my reproof,
26
I also will laugh at your calamity;
I will mock when terror strikes you,
27
when terror strikes you like a storm
and your calamity comes like a whirlwind,
when distress and anguish come upon you.
28
Then they will call upon me, but I will not answer;
they will seek me diligently but will not find me.
29
Because they hated knowledge
and did not choose the fear of the LORD,
30
would have none of my counsel
and despised all my reproof,
31
therefore they shall eat the fruit of their way,
and have their fill of their own devices.
32
For the simple are killed by their turning away,
and the complacency of fools destroys them;
33
but whoever listens to me will dwell secure
and will be at ease, without dread of disaster.”
Proverbs itself mentions Solomon (reigned c. 971–931 B.C.) as author or collector of its contents (1:1; 10:1), including the proverbs copied by Hezekiah’s men (25:1). There are also two batches of sayings from a group called “the wise” (22:17–24:22; 24:23–34), and “oracles” from Agur (30:1–33) and Lemuel (31:1–9). No author is named for the song in praise of the excellent wife that ends the book (31:10–31). Although Proverbs was begun in the time of Solomon, it probably was not in its present form until the time of Hezekiah (reigned c. 715–686 B.C.).
The goal of the book is stated right at the beginning (1:1–7): to describe what wisdom is and to help God’s people become wise. Wisdom is founded in the “fear of the Lord,” and it enables believers to express their faith in the practical details of everyday life.
The book is addressed to a young man. The situations he will face while he is young receive much attention. These situations supply concrete examples from which all readers can apply lessons to their own lives. Anyone who is wise and who pays attention will benefit (1:5) from this instruction.
The reader of Proverbs must seek to understand the various types of people the book describes. The most obvious characters in the book are the wise, the fool, and the simple. Proverbs urges its readers to be wise, which means embracing God’s covenant and living out the covenant in everyday situations (compare 2:2; 10:1). The fool is the person who constantly opposes God’s covenant (1:7b). The simple is the person who is not firmly committed, either to wisdom or to folly; he is easily misled (14:15).
The first nine chapters of Proverbs are “wisdom poems” that urge the reader to pursue wisdom. The main section of Proverbs—the concise, memorable statements of two or three lines—begins in 10:1. Proverbs often seem to be mere observations about life, but their deeper meanings will reveal themselves if the following questions are kept in mind: (1) What virtue does this proverb commend? (2) What vice does it disapprove of? (3) What value does it affirm?
Proverbs offers wisdom on a wide array of topics from daily life: diligence and laziness (6:6–11); friendship (3:27–28; 18:24); speech (10:19–21); marriage (18:22; 19:14); child rearing (22:6); domestic peace (15:17; 17:1); work (11:1); getting along and good manners (23:1–2; 25:16–17; 26:17–19; 27:14); eternity (14:32; 23:17–18); and much more. It shows that “godliness is of value in every way, as it holds promise for the present life and also for the life to come” (1 Tim. 4:8).
Wisdom is a key term in Job, Proverbs, and Ecclesiastes. The word can mean “skilled at making sound decisions in life.” Proverbs 9:10 states that “the fear of the LORD is the beginning of wisdom.”
A different kind of security. In biblical times, if a person was unable to pay his debt, the consequences could be serious. The whole family could be sold into slavery. If someone put up “security” for another person, he promised to pay that person’s debt if he was unable to do so himself. Proverbs teaches that putting up security for another person is generally unwise, since those who do so risk losing everything if the other person cannot pay his debt (11:15).
Hezekiah’s contribution to Proverbs. Although most of the Proverbs were collected or written by King Solomon, who reigned from 971–931 B.C., the book of Proverbs did not exist in its present form until the time of King Hezekiah, some 200 years later. Hezekiah and “his men,” probably his scribes, recorded chs. 25–29.
Rock badgers are small cliff-dwelling animals closely resembling guinea pigs. They live and forage for food in large groups and are good at hiding. They are best known for posting sentries that alert the group when danger is near. Perhaps it was this mark of wisdom that earned them a mention in Proverbs (30:26).
Romans 3 | OT Reference |
---|---|
Sinful Condition | |
v. 10, none is righteous | Ps. 14:3/53:3; Eccles. 7:20 |
v. 11a, no one understands | Ps. 14:2/53:2 |
v. 11b, no one seeks for God | Ps. 14:2/53:2 |
v. 12, all have turned aside; together they have become worthless; no one does good, not even one | Ps. 14:3/53:3 |
Sinful Speech (note progression from throat to tongue to lips) | |
v. 13a, b, their throat is an open grave; they use their tongues to deceive | Ps. 5:10, Septuagint (English, 5:9) |
v. 13c, the venom of asps is under their lips | Ps. 140:3 |
v. 14, their mouth is full of curses and bitterness | Ps. 10:7 |
Sinful Action | |
v. 15, their feet are swift to shed blood | Prov. 1:16/Isa. 59:7 |
v. 16, in their paths are ruin and misery | Isa. 59:7 |
v. 17, and the way of peace they have not known | Isa. 59:8 |
Summary Statement | |
v. 18, there is no fear of God before their eyes | Ps. 36:1 |
Prov. 1:2–6 These verses give the purpose and benefit of the book: it instills wisdom in the reader. The wisdom offered here is practical (instruction in wise dealing), intellectual (increase in learning), moral (righteousness, justice, and equity), and inquiring (to understand a proverb and . . . riddles). It is for all people, whether they are naive and untaught (the simple . . . the youth) or already experienced (let the wise hear).
1:1–7 Title, Goal, and Motto. After the title (v. 1), there is an introduction that describes the goal of the whole book (vv. 2–6) and the motto that underlies every instruction in the book (v. 7).
Prov. 1:7 The fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge. This is the core truth of the book: the quest for wisdom begins with the fear of the Lord (see 9:10 and Ps. 111:10). “Knowledge” and “wisdom” are closely tied together in Proverbs. “Knowledge” tends to focus on correct understanding of the world and oneself as creatures of the magnificent and loving God. “Wisdom” is an acquired skill in the art of godly living. “Fear of the LORD” means to respect, obey, and worship only God (see Deut. 4:10). Pursuing wisdom by fearing the Lord distinguishes the biblical search for knowledge and wisdom from that of the surrounding cultures. Submission to the Lord is key to the attainment of real understanding (see Ps. 111:10; Prov. 9:10). By using the covenant name “the LORD” in preference to the more generic “God,” this verse shows that truth is found through Israel’s God alone. In addition, the verse asserts that fools despise wisdom and instruction, thus contrasting the two ways of wisdom and folly. This contrast dominates the entire book.
Prov. 1:8 your father’s instruction . . . your mother’s teaching. The training in wisdom referred to in Proverbs includes instruction in the home by parents (see also 6:20; 23:22; 31:26).
Prov. 1:17–19 A bird that sees a fowler spreading a net is aware of the trap and will flee the danger rather than take the bait. However, those who seek to trap the innocent overlook the fact that they are setting an ambush for their own lives.
Prov. 1:31 therefore they shall eat the fruit of their way. A person’s actions both reveal the state of the heart and also help to shape a person’s character. Those who refuse to listen to Wisdom’s correction walk in a way that will ultimately produce calamity, terror, and destruction for their own lives. For a similar description of the two paths and their ends, see Jer. 6:16–19.
Prov. 1:20–33 Wisdom is personified here as a woman. She is pictured appealing to simple ones, scoffers, and fools to pay attention to her words. Wisdom speaks in a way that recalls the words of the Lord (e.g., I will pour out my spirit to you; I will make my words known to you, v. 23).
The phrase "the fear of the Lord" (Proverbs 1:7) confuses many of us. The idea of fearing the Lord conflicts with what we imagine God to be like. The Lord is our shepherd (Psalm 23:1), our protector (Psalm 18:1-3), and our comfort (Psalm 71:21). So, what does it mean to "fear the Lord"?
To "fear the Lord" is to rightly know and revere Him for who He is.
In his classic work The Knowledge of the Holy, A.W. Tozer writes: "All the problems of heaven and earth, though they were to confront us together and at once, would be nothing compared with the overwhelming problem of God: That He is; what He is like; and what we as moral beings must do about Him."
This statement captures the idea behind Solomon's plea to his children to fear the Lord and obey His instructions. Like any good parent, Solomon wanted the best for his children and longed for them to know and follow God.
When my kids were younger, I remember telling them, "God's way is the best way." I wanted to instill in them the idea that God's Word was not only true but beneficial. The wise obey the Lord's instructions despite what their hearts may desire or the world may promise. Of course, like all of us, they often learned the hard way and experienced the consequences of disobedience.
Even now, as an adult who has walked with the Lord for many years, I need the reminder that "God's way is the best way." I need to turn down the noise of my flesh and worldly temptations, which attempt to drown out wisdom's call, and to follow the Lord's counsel. Otherwise, I will stray from the good the Lord desires for me to experience.
The challenge facing each of us today is to trust that the Lord always has our best interests in mind and to know that His commands are for our protection and flourishing. When we truly believe this, we will better understand Him and experience the blessing of what it means to "fear the Lord."
This month's memory verse
with all humility and gentleness, with patience, bearing with one another in love,
1. What do you think it means to "fear the Lord"? How does this idea influence your view of God?
2. What keeps you from believing that "God's way is the best way"?
3. What is the best counsel you received from your parents?
4. What counsel do you hope to pass on to your children?
5. Read about Solomon's life in 1 Kings 1-11. Did he follow his own advice? What led to his success? His downfall?
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