January 12, 2024
Big Book Idea
Living wisely; God's way.
The fruit of the righteous is a tree of life,
and whoever captures souls is wise.
1
A false balance is an abomination to the LORD,
but a just weight is his delight.
2
When pride comes, then comes disgrace,
but with the humble is wisdom.
3
The integrity of the upright guides them,
but the crookedness of the treacherous destroys them.
4
Riches do not profit in the day of wrath,
but righteousness delivers from death.
5
The righteousness of the blameless keeps his way straight,
but the wicked falls by his own wickedness.
6
The righteousness of the upright delivers them,
but the treacherous are taken captive by their lust.
7
When the wicked dies, his hope will perish,
and the expectation of wealth
1
11:7
Or of his strength, or of iniquity
perishes too.
8
The righteous is delivered from trouble,
and the wicked walks into it instead.
9
With his mouth the godless man would destroy his neighbor,
but by knowledge the righteous are delivered.
10
When it goes well with the righteous, the city rejoices,
and when the wicked perish there are shouts of gladness.
11
By the blessing of the upright a city is exalted,
but by the mouth of the wicked it is overthrown.
12
Whoever belittles his neighbor lacks sense,
but a man of understanding remains silent.
13
Whoever goes about slandering reveals secrets,
but he who is trustworthy in spirit keeps a thing covered.
14
Where there is no guidance, a people falls,
but in an abundance of counselors there is safety.
15
Whoever puts up security for a stranger will surely suffer harm,
but he who hates striking hands in pledge is secure.
16
A gracious woman gets honor,
and violent men get riches.
17
A man who is kind benefits himself,
but a cruel man hurts himself.
18
The wicked earns deceptive wages,
but one who sows righteousness gets a sure reward.
19
Whoever is steadfast in righteousness will live,
but he who pursues evil will die.
20
Those of crooked heart are an abomination to the LORD,
but those of blameless ways are his delight.
21
Be assured, an evil person will not go unpunished,
but the offspring of the righteous will be delivered.
22
Like a gold ring in a pig's snout
is a beautiful woman without discretion.
23
The desire of the righteous ends only in good,
the expectation of the wicked in wrath.
24
One gives freely, yet grows all the richer;
another withholds what he should give, and only suffers want.
25
Whoever brings blessing will be enriched,
and one who waters will himself be watered.
26
The people curse him who holds back grain,
but a blessing is on the head of him who sells it.
27
Whoever diligently seeks good seeks favor,
2
11:27
Or acceptance
but evil comes to him who searches for it.
28
Whoever trusts in his riches will fall,
but the righteous will flourish like a green leaf.
29
Whoever troubles his own household will inherit the wind,
and the fool will be servant to the wise of heart.
30
The fruit of the righteous is a tree of life,
and whoever captures souls is wise.
31
If the righteous is repaid on earth,
how much more the wicked and the sinner!
Proverbs itself mentions Solomon (reigned c. 971–931 B.C.) as author or collector of its contents (1:1; 10:1), including the proverbs copied by Hezekiah’s men (25:1). There are also two batches of sayings from a group called “the wise” (22:17–24:22; 24:23–34), and “oracles” from Agur (30:1–33) and Lemuel (31:1–9). No author is named for the song in praise of the excellent wife that ends the book (31:10–31). Although Proverbs was begun in the time of Solomon, it probably was not in its present form until the time of Hezekiah (reigned c. 715–686 B.C.).
The goal of the book is stated right at the beginning (1:1–7): to describe what wisdom is and to help God’s people become wise. Wisdom is founded in the “fear of the Lord,” and it enables believers to express their faith in the practical details of everyday life.
The book is addressed to a young man. The situations he will face while he is young receive much attention. These situations supply concrete examples from which all readers can apply lessons to their own lives. Anyone who is wise and who pays attention will benefit (1:5) from this instruction.
The reader of Proverbs must seek to understand the various types of people the book describes. The most obvious characters in the book are the wise, the fool, and the simple. Proverbs urges its readers to be wise, which means embracing God’s covenant and living out the covenant in everyday situations (compare 2:2; 10:1). The fool is the person who constantly opposes God’s covenant (1:7b). The simple is the person who is not firmly committed, either to wisdom or to folly; he is easily misled (14:15).
The first nine chapters of Proverbs are “wisdom poems” that urge the reader to pursue wisdom. The main section of Proverbs—the concise, memorable statements of two or three lines—begins in 10:1. Proverbs often seem to be mere observations about life, but their deeper meanings will reveal themselves if the following questions are kept in mind: (1) What virtue does this proverb commend? (2) What vice does it disapprove of? (3) What value does it affirm?
Proverbs offers wisdom on a wide array of topics from daily life: diligence and laziness (6:6–11); friendship (3:27–28; 18:24); speech (10:19–21); marriage (18:22; 19:14); child rearing (22:6); domestic peace (15:17; 17:1); work (11:1); getting along and good manners (23:1–2; 25:16–17; 26:17–19; 27:14); eternity (14:32; 23:17–18); and much more. It shows that “godliness is of value in every way, as it holds promise for the present life and also for the life to come” (1 Tim. 4:8).
Wisdom is a key term in Job, Proverbs, and Ecclesiastes. The word can mean “skilled at making sound decisions in life.” Proverbs 9:10 states that “the fear of the LORD is the beginning of wisdom.”
A different kind of security. In biblical times, if a person was unable to pay his debt, the consequences could be serious. The whole family could be sold into slavery. If someone put up “security” for another person, he promised to pay that person’s debt if he was unable to do so himself. Proverbs teaches that putting up security for another person is generally unwise, since those who do so risk losing everything if the other person cannot pay his debt (11:15).
Hezekiah’s contribution to Proverbs. Although most of the Proverbs were collected or written by King Solomon, who reigned from 971–931 B.C., the book of Proverbs did not exist in its present form until the time of King Hezekiah, some 200 years later. Hezekiah and “his men,” probably his scribes, recorded chs. 25–29.
Rock badgers are small cliff-dwelling animals closely resembling guinea pigs. They live and forage for food in large groups and are good at hiding. They are best known for posting sentries that alert the group when danger is near. Perhaps it was this mark of wisdom that earned them a mention in Proverbs (30:26).
Romans 3 | OT Reference |
---|---|
Sinful Condition | |
v. 10, none is righteous | Ps. 14:3/53:3; Eccles. 7:20 |
v. 11a, no one understands | Ps. 14:2/53:2 |
v. 11b, no one seeks for God | Ps. 14:2/53:2 |
v. 12, all have turned aside; together they have become worthless; no one does good, not even one | Ps. 14:3/53:3 |
Sinful Speech (note progression from throat to tongue to lips) | |
v. 13a, b, their throat is an open grave; they use their tongues to deceive | Ps. 5:10, Septuagint (English, 5:9) |
v. 13c, the venom of asps is under their lips | Ps. 140:3 |
v. 14, their mouth is full of curses and bitterness | Ps. 10:7 |
Sinful Action | |
v. 15, their feet are swift to shed blood | Prov. 1:16/Isa. 59:7 |
v. 16, in their paths are ruin and misery | Isa. 59:7 |
v. 17, and the way of peace they have not known | Isa. 59:8 |
Summary Statement | |
v. 18, there is no fear of God before their eyes | Ps. 36:1 |
Prov. 11:1 A false balance refers to deception by altering the scale used to measure the quantity of an item being bought or sold (compare 16:11; 20:10, 23; Lev. 19:35–36; Ezek. 45:9–12; Amos 8:5).
Prov. 11:1–4 These verses form a unit, with vv. 1 and 4 answering each other as vv. 2 and 3 parallel each other. The false balance with which a wicked man increases his income is contrasted with a just weight. The riches of the wicked will not save them, but righteousness will. The violation of fair standards is not worth the immediate gain it may offer.
Prov. 11:5–6 These two verses parallel each other (the righteousness of the blameless/upright). They emphasize a common theme of the section: the faithfulness of righteous people guides (vv. 3a, 5a) and delivers (vv. 4b, 6a, 8a, 9b) them from the fate of the wicked.
Prov. 11:1–8 These proverbs focus on matters of financial and personal security.
Prov. 11:7–8 The expectation and hope provided by wealth will be useless when the wicked dies. Proverbs contrasts this sad outcome with the hope of the righteous (see 10:28). It assures those who fear the Lord that their pursuit of wisdom will not be in vain (see 23:18; 24:14).
Prov. 11:9 by knowledge the righteous are delivered. In Proverbs, “knowledge” usually means knowledge of God and of his will. Even when slandered, the righteous person knows how to conduct himself rightly.
Prov. 11:12 A man of understanding remains silent rather than spreading harmful information that he knows about his neighbor.
Prov. 11:15 To put up security is equivalent to cosigning for a loan (see note on 6:1–5). To do so on behalf of a stranger is not wise. Striking hands most likely refers to some kind of gesture used to seal such a deal, similar to a handshake.
Prov. 11:16–21 These three pairs of proverbs (vv. 16–17, 18–19, 20–21) relate to a common theme. The gracious woman (v. 16) and the man who is kind (v. 17) contrast with violent men (v. 16) and the cruel man (v. 17). The violent gain no happiness from their wealth, which has come at a high price.
Prov. 11:24 Because there is a God who blesses generosity and withholds blessing from the greedy, this paradoxical proverb makes perfect sense.
Prov. 11:30 The life of the righteous produces fruit that is so attractive that it captures the souls of people who are on the wrong path (compare Dan. 12:3; James 5:20).
Prov. 11:23–31 The ultimate destinies of the wicked and the righteous (e.g., vv. 23 and 31) are reflected in their actions (v. 27) and are suggested in the response of those affected by such actions (v. 26). The particular actions in focus are the way a person relates to provisions and people (vv. 24–26, 28).
When reading a Proverb, I seek to find themes that repeat themselves. In Proverbs 11, we see the words righteous or righteousness repeated 13 times, and we're encouraged to live righteously. But how can we know what righteous living looks like? The word righteous is defined as just, upright, good, or God-fearing. Looking at Proverbs 11, we are told what it means to live a righteous life and the result of living a righteous life.
First—living a righteous life. We're told a righteous life will be lived by a person of integrity (Proverbs 11:3). A righteous person will be blameless (Proverbs 11:5). We're told the righteous use their knowledge (Proverbs 11:9) and that they spread righteousness to others (Proverbs 11:18). Reading this list feels daunting, as I know I fall short in many of these areas. But, as believers, we know the Holy Spirit lives within us, which means righteousness is a desire of our hearts. Not only that, but we also see that God delights when we choose to live in righteousness (Proverbs 11:21).
Second—we see that the results of living a righteous life are good. Five different times, Proverbs 11 tells us that when we choose to live a righteous life, we will be delivered. Delivered from death, trouble, and destruction. Praise God!
The passage doesn't end there, though. We go on to see that when we choose to live a righteous life, it benefits others (Proverbs 11:30). This means that when we walk in integrity, seek holiness, and use our knowledge of the Word of God to live out our life, we bear fruit that others may learn from. So much so that the verse says those that bear the fruit of righteousness "capture souls," meaning that others come to know Jesus through the way we live our life. Wouldn't it be sweet to hear that someone came to know Christ because they saw the way you lived?
This month's memory verse
with all humility and gentleness, with patience, bearing with one another in love,
1. We can often read passages like Proverbs 11 and be spurred on internally but not have practical steps to live it out externally. What are two or three ways you can seek to live a righteous life today?
2. If you're honest with yourself, do you have a full grasp on what it means to live righteously? If not, what are other passages of Scripture that could help bring clarity to your understanding of righteous living?
3. Are you choosing to live a righteous life merely in public settings or also when you're alone? Are there people you spend time around that bring out an unrighteous lifestyle?
4. Do you believe that righteousness is a desire of your heart? What's a recent example in your life of when you chose righteousness over the ways of the world?
5. What type of fruit are you bearing? Do you look like the rest of the world, or would people see your life and clearly see a difference? (Romans 12:2)
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