January 24, 2024
Big Book Idea
Living wisely; God's way.
What is desired in a man is steadfast love,
and a poor man is better than a liar.
1
Better is a poor person who walks in his integrity
than one who is crooked in speech and is a fool.
2
Desire
1
19:2
Or A soul
without knowledge is not good,
and whoever makes haste with his feet misses his way.
3
When a man's folly brings his way to ruin,
his heart rages against the LORD.
4
Wealth brings many new friends,
but a poor man is deserted by his friend.
5
A false witness will not go unpunished,
and he who breathes out lies will not escape.
6
Many seek the favor of a generous man,
2
19:6
Or of a noble
and everyone is a friend to a man who gives gifts.
7
All a poor man's brothers hate him;
how much more do his friends go far from him!
He pursues them with words, but does not have them.
3
19:7
The meaning of the Hebrew sentence is uncertain
8
Whoever gets sense loves his own soul;
he who keeps understanding will discover good.
9
A false witness will not go unpunished,
and he who breathes out lies will perish.
10
It is not fitting for a fool to live in luxury,
much less for a slave to rule over princes.
11
Good sense makes one slow to anger,
and it is his glory to overlook an offense.
12
A king's wrath is like the growling of a lion,
but his favor is like dew on the grass.
13
A foolish son is ruin to his father,
and a wife's quarreling is a continual dripping of rain.
14
House and wealth are inherited from fathers,
but a prudent wife is from the LORD.
15
Slothfulness casts into a deep sleep,
and an idle person will suffer hunger.
16
Whoever keeps the commandment keeps his life;
he who despises his ways will die.
17
Whoever is generous to the poor lends to the LORD,
and he will repay him for his deed.
18
Discipline your son, for there is hope;
do not set your heart on putting him to death.
19
A man of great wrath will pay the penalty,
for if you deliver him, you will only have to do it again.
20
Listen to advice and accept instruction,
that you may gain wisdom in the future.
21
Many are the plans in the mind of a man,
but it is the purpose of the LORD that will stand.
22
What is desired in a man is steadfast love,
and a poor man is better than a liar.
23
The fear of the LORD leads to life,
and whoever has it rests satisfied;
he will not be visited by harm.
24
The sluggard buries his hand in the dish
and will not even bring it back to his mouth.
25
Strike a scoffer, and the simple will learn prudence;
reprove a man of understanding, and he will gain knowledge.
26
He who does violence to his father and chases away his mother
is a son who brings shame and reproach.
27
Cease to hear instruction, my son,
and you will stray from the words of knowledge.
28
A worthless witness mocks at justice,
and the mouth of the wicked devours iniquity.
29
Condemnation is ready for scoffers,
and beating for the backs of fools.
Proverbs itself mentions Solomon (reigned c. 971–931 B.C.) as author or collector of its contents (1:1; 10:1), including the proverbs copied by Hezekiah’s men (25:1). There are also two batches of sayings from a group called “the wise” (22:17–24:22; 24:23–34), and “oracles” from Agur (30:1–33) and Lemuel (31:1–9). No author is named for the song in praise of the excellent wife that ends the book (31:10–31). Although Proverbs was begun in the time of Solomon, it probably was not in its present form until the time of Hezekiah (reigned c. 715–686 B.C.).
The goal of the book is stated right at the beginning (1:1–7): to describe what wisdom is and to help God’s people become wise. Wisdom is founded in the “fear of the Lord,” and it enables believers to express their faith in the practical details of everyday life.
The book is addressed to a young man. The situations he will face while he is young receive much attention. These situations supply concrete examples from which all readers can apply lessons to their own lives. Anyone who is wise and who pays attention will benefit (1:5) from this instruction.
The reader of Proverbs must seek to understand the various types of people the book describes. The most obvious characters in the book are the wise, the fool, and the simple. Proverbs urges its readers to be wise, which means embracing God’s covenant and living out the covenant in everyday situations (compare 2:2; 10:1). The fool is the person who constantly opposes God’s covenant (1:7b). The simple is the person who is not firmly committed, either to wisdom or to folly; he is easily misled (14:15).
The first nine chapters of Proverbs are “wisdom poems” that urge the reader to pursue wisdom. The main section of Proverbs—the concise, memorable statements of two or three lines—begins in 10:1. Proverbs often seem to be mere observations about life, but their deeper meanings will reveal themselves if the following questions are kept in mind: (1) What virtue does this proverb commend? (2) What vice does it disapprove of? (3) What value does it affirm?
Proverbs offers wisdom on a wide array of topics from daily life: diligence and laziness (6:6–11); friendship (3:27–28; 18:24); speech (10:19–21); marriage (18:22; 19:14); child rearing (22:6); domestic peace (15:17; 17:1); work (11:1); getting along and good manners (23:1–2; 25:16–17; 26:17–19; 27:14); eternity (14:32; 23:17–18); and much more. It shows that “godliness is of value in every way, as it holds promise for the present life and also for the life to come” (1 Tim. 4:8).
Wisdom is a key term in Job, Proverbs, and Ecclesiastes. The word can mean “skilled at making sound decisions in life.” Proverbs 9:10 states that “the fear of the LORD is the beginning of wisdom.”
A different kind of security. In biblical times, if a person was unable to pay his debt, the consequences could be serious. The whole family could be sold into slavery. If someone put up “security” for another person, he promised to pay that person’s debt if he was unable to do so himself. Proverbs teaches that putting up security for another person is generally unwise, since those who do so risk losing everything if the other person cannot pay his debt (11:15).
Hezekiah’s contribution to Proverbs. Although most of the Proverbs were collected or written by King Solomon, who reigned from 971–931 B.C., the book of Proverbs did not exist in its present form until the time of King Hezekiah, some 200 years later. Hezekiah and “his men,” probably his scribes, recorded chs. 25–29.
Rock badgers are small cliff-dwelling animals closely resembling guinea pigs. They live and forage for food in large groups and are good at hiding. They are best known for posting sentries that alert the group when danger is near. Perhaps it was this mark of wisdom that earned them a mention in Proverbs (30:26).
A false witness is someone who testifies dishonestly against another person (19:5).
listen to instruction | vv. 16, 20 |
be kind to the poor | v. 17 |
be involved in your children’s lives and discipline them | v. 18 |
avoid friendships with those who lack self-control | v. 19 |
acknowledge the rule of God | v. 21 |
understand that love and integrity are what bring real happiness | v. 22 |
fear the Lord | v. 23 |
Romans 3 | OT Reference |
---|---|
Sinful Condition | |
v. 10, none is righteous | Ps. 14:3/53:3; Eccles. 7:20 |
v. 11a, no one understands | Ps. 14:2/53:2 |
v. 11b, no one seeks for God | Ps. 14:2/53:2 |
v. 12, all have turned aside; together they have become worthless; no one does good, not even one | Ps. 14:3/53:3 |
Sinful Speech (note progression from throat to tongue to lips) | |
v. 13a, b, their throat is an open grave; they use their tongues to deceive | Ps. 5:10, Septuagint (English, 5:9) |
v. 13c, the venom of asps is under their lips | Ps. 140:3 |
v. 14, their mouth is full of curses and bitterness | Ps. 10:7 |
Sinful Action | |
v. 15, their feet are swift to shed blood | Prov. 1:16/Isa. 59:7 |
v. 16, in their paths are ruin and misery | Isa. 59:7 |
v. 17, and the way of peace they have not known | Isa. 59:8 |
Summary Statement | |
v. 18, there is no fear of God before their eyes | Ps. 36:1 |
Prov. 19:2 Whoever makes haste with his feet likely refers to an impulsive person who acts without thinking or planning. He has a desire to get somewhere but does not have sufficient knowledge to reach his goal.
Prov. 18:23–19:4 These proverbs observe misfortune from various angles.
A false witness is someone who testifies dishonestly against another person (19:5).
Prov. 19:5–9 Verses 5 and 9 begin and end this section with virtually identical wording. Verse 5 stresses the importance of honest testimony (for more on the dangers of the false witness, see 6:19; 12:17; 14:5). In this context, which focuses on poverty and misfortune, “false witness” could relate either to those who exploit the poor in the courts or to poor people who give false testimony in return for money.
Prov. 19:11 In many cultures, any sign of disrespect challenges a man’s honor. He can defend it only by fighting the person who insults him. Overlooking such disrespect brings honor to a man.
Prov. 19:12 The growling of a lion is frightening and precedes an act of violence. Dew is gentle and gives life. The proverb does not say that a king’s anger (or favor) is always right, but that it is powerful.
Prov. 19:13–14 Verse 13 balances v. 14 by recognizing that family life can be painful. Some wives are a great burden to their husbands, and some husbands are a great burden to their wives (see 21:9). continual dripping. This is not a minor irritation but a source of structural damage that can ruin a house. House and wealth may be inherited from fathers and can come to many people, but a prudent wife is a gift from the LORD.
Prov. 19:15 Slothfulness casts into a deep sleep. The lazy person is always too tired to work. Then his laziness grows until he is in dire poverty. See v. 24.
listen to instruction | vv. 16, 20 |
be kind to the poor | v. 17 |
be involved in your children’s lives and discipline them | v. 18 |
avoid friendships with those who lack self-control | v. 19 |
acknowledge the rule of God | v. 21 |
understand that love and integrity are what bring real happiness | v. 22 |
fear the Lord | v. 23 |
Prov. 19:25 The simple learn by seeing someone else receive a beating, but the wise learn from a simple word of correction. Notably, although the simple can learn prudence, the scoffer does not have this teachable spirit. (For the difference between the “simple” and the “scoffer” or “fool,” see Introduction: Reading Proverbs.)
Usually, when I think of wisdom and money together, it's about how to allocate it. What investment funds should it go to? How much am I contributing to retirement? Should I really buy another pair of pants? But really, wisdom can apply to money in a lot of different ways. Money is powerful because of its ability to open doors, provide experiences, and change lives.
But as Uncle Ben from Spider-Man said, "With great power comes great responsibility." The Lord can entrust a large or small amount of money, but regardless of the amount, we all have a responsibility as believers to be faithful and wise with that money. If we let the desire for money take over our hearts, there is little to no room for love of any kind left. "For the love of money is a root of all kinds of evils." (1 Timothy 6:10)
The book of Proverbs is a collection of short, poetic, metaphorical sayings providing guidance on how to walk in wisdom. One thing we can take from this verse is that it is better to be poor with integrity than rich and whitewashed. Between the Lord and money, only one will fulfill you and keep you until the day you meet the God of the universe. To live in a godly way, lean into the wisdom of the Lord and choose faithfulness over infidelity. At the end of the day, money in and of itself is not evil, but how it affects you and what you do with it will determine the master you serve. "You cannot serve God and money." (Matthew 6:24b)
This month's memory verse
with all humility and gentleness, with patience, bearing with one another in love,
1. In what areas am I stewarding my money well?
2. Where can I improve in my stewardship of money?
3. What other masters am I serving besides the Lord?
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Hugh Stephenson
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