January 26, 2024
Big Book Idea
Living wisely; God's way.
The getting of treasures by a lying tongue
is a fleeting vapor and a snare of death.
1
The king's heart is a stream of water in the hand of the LORD;
he turns it wherever he will.
2
Every way of a man is right in his own eyes,
but the LORD weighs the heart.
3
To do righteousness and justice
is more acceptable to the LORD than sacrifice.
4
Haughty eyes and a proud heart,
the lamp
1
21:4
Or the plowing
of the wicked, are sin.
5
The plans of the diligent lead surely to abundance,
but everyone who is hasty comes only to poverty.
6
The getting of treasures by a lying tongue
is a fleeting vapor and a snare of death.
2
21:6
Some Hebrew manuscripts, Septuagint, Latin; most Hebrew manuscripts vapor for those who seek death
7
The violence of the wicked will sweep them away,
because they refuse to do what is just.
8
The way of the guilty is crooked,
but the conduct of the pure is upright.
9
It is better to live in a corner of the housetop
than in a house shared with a quarrelsome wife.
10
The soul of the wicked desires evil;
his neighbor finds no mercy in his eyes.
11
When a scoffer is punished, the simple becomes wise;
when a wise man is instructed, he gains knowledge.
12
The Righteous One observes the house of the wicked;
he throws the wicked down to ruin.
13
Whoever closes his ear to the cry of the poor
will himself call out and not be answered.
14
A gift in secret averts anger,
and a concealed bribe,
3
21:14
Hebrew a bribe in the bosom
strong wrath.
15
When justice is done, it is a joy to the righteous
but terror to evildoers.
16
One who wanders from the way of good sense
will rest in the assembly of the dead.
17
Whoever loves pleasure will be a poor man;
he who loves wine and oil will not be rich.
18
The wicked is a ransom for the righteous,
and the traitor for the upright.
19
It is better to live in a desert land
than with a quarrelsome and fretful woman.
20
Precious treasure and oil are in a wise man's dwelling,
but a foolish man devours it.
21
Whoever pursues righteousness and kindness
will find life, righteousness, and honor.
22
A wise man scales the city of the mighty
and brings down the stronghold in which they trust.
23
Whoever keeps his mouth and his tongue
keeps himself out of trouble.
24
“Scoffer” is the name of the arrogant, haughty man
who acts with arrogant pride.
25
The desire of the sluggard kills him,
for his hands refuse to labor.
26
All day long he craves and craves,
but the righteous gives and does not hold back.
27
The sacrifice of the wicked is an abomination;
how much more when he brings it with evil intent.
28
A false witness will perish,
but the word of a man who hears will endure.
29
A wicked man puts on a bold face,
but the upright gives thought to
4
21:29
Or establishes
his ways.
30
No wisdom, no understanding, no counsel
can avail against the LORD.
31
The horse is made ready for the day of battle,
but the victory belongs to the LORD.
Proverbs itself mentions Solomon (reigned c. 971–931 B.C.) as author or collector of its contents (1:1; 10:1), including the proverbs copied by Hezekiah’s men (25:1). There are also two batches of sayings from a group called “the wise” (22:17–24:22; 24:23–34), and “oracles” from Agur (30:1–33) and Lemuel (31:1–9). No author is named for the song in praise of the excellent wife that ends the book (31:10–31). Although Proverbs was begun in the time of Solomon, it probably was not in its present form until the time of Hezekiah (reigned c. 715–686 B.C.).
The goal of the book is stated right at the beginning (1:1–7): to describe what wisdom is and to help God’s people become wise. Wisdom is founded in the “fear of the Lord,” and it enables believers to express their faith in the practical details of everyday life.
The book is addressed to a young man. The situations he will face while he is young receive much attention. These situations supply concrete examples from which all readers can apply lessons to their own lives. Anyone who is wise and who pays attention will benefit (1:5) from this instruction.
The reader of Proverbs must seek to understand the various types of people the book describes. The most obvious characters in the book are the wise, the fool, and the simple. Proverbs urges its readers to be wise, which means embracing God’s covenant and living out the covenant in everyday situations (compare 2:2; 10:1). The fool is the person who constantly opposes God’s covenant (1:7b). The simple is the person who is not firmly committed, either to wisdom or to folly; he is easily misled (14:15).
The first nine chapters of Proverbs are “wisdom poems” that urge the reader to pursue wisdom. The main section of Proverbs—the concise, memorable statements of two or three lines—begins in 10:1. Proverbs often seem to be mere observations about life, but their deeper meanings will reveal themselves if the following questions are kept in mind: (1) What virtue does this proverb commend? (2) What vice does it disapprove of? (3) What value does it affirm?
Proverbs offers wisdom on a wide array of topics from daily life: diligence and laziness (6:6–11); friendship (3:27–28; 18:24); speech (10:19–21); marriage (18:22; 19:14); child rearing (22:6); domestic peace (15:17; 17:1); work (11:1); getting along and good manners (23:1–2; 25:16–17; 26:17–19; 27:14); eternity (14:32; 23:17–18); and much more. It shows that “godliness is of value in every way, as it holds promise for the present life and also for the life to come” (1 Tim. 4:8).
Wisdom is a key term in Job, Proverbs, and Ecclesiastes. The word can mean “skilled at making sound decisions in life.” Proverbs 9:10 states that “the fear of the LORD is the beginning of wisdom.”
A different kind of security. In biblical times, if a person was unable to pay his debt, the consequences could be serious. The whole family could be sold into slavery. If someone put up “security” for another person, he promised to pay that person’s debt if he was unable to do so himself. Proverbs teaches that putting up security for another person is generally unwise, since those who do so risk losing everything if the other person cannot pay his debt (11:15).
Hezekiah’s contribution to Proverbs. Although most of the Proverbs were collected or written by King Solomon, who reigned from 971–931 B.C., the book of Proverbs did not exist in its present form until the time of King Hezekiah, some 200 years later. Hezekiah and “his men,” probably his scribes, recorded chs. 25–29.
Rock badgers are small cliff-dwelling animals closely resembling guinea pigs. They live and forage for food in large groups and are good at hiding. They are best known for posting sentries that alert the group when danger is near. Perhaps it was this mark of wisdom that earned them a mention in Proverbs (30:26).
The concept of weighing the heart (21:2) originated in Egypt. Egyptians believed that when a person died, the gods placed that person’s heart on a set of golden scales along with the Feather of Truth. If the heart weighed less than the feather, the person was admitted into the afterlife. It is possible that the Israelites brought this imagery with them when they left Egypt and replaced the Egyptian gods with Yahweh, who is the true judge of the heart.
Romans 3 | OT Reference |
---|---|
Sinful Condition | |
v. 10, none is righteous | Ps. 14:3/53:3; Eccles. 7:20 |
v. 11a, no one understands | Ps. 14:2/53:2 |
v. 11b, no one seeks for God | Ps. 14:2/53:2 |
v. 12, all have turned aside; together they have become worthless; no one does good, not even one | Ps. 14:3/53:3 |
Sinful Speech (note progression from throat to tongue to lips) | |
v. 13a, b, their throat is an open grave; they use their tongues to deceive | Ps. 5:10, Septuagint (English, 5:9) |
v. 13c, the venom of asps is under their lips | Ps. 140:3 |
v. 14, their mouth is full of curses and bitterness | Ps. 10:7 |
Sinful Action | |
v. 15, their feet are swift to shed blood | Prov. 1:16/Isa. 59:7 |
v. 16, in their paths are ruin and misery | Isa. 59:7 |
v. 17, and the way of peace they have not known | Isa. 59:8 |
Summary Statement | |
v. 18, there is no fear of God before their eyes | Ps. 36:1 |
Prov. 21:1 The stream of water describes water flowing through a channel or an irrigation ditch, which a skillful farmer can direct to flow wherever he wishes.
The concept of weighing the heart (21:2) originated in Egypt. Egyptians believed that when a person died, the gods placed that person’s heart on a set of golden scales along with the Feather of Truth. If the heart weighed less than the feather, the person was admitted into the afterlife. It is possible that the Israelites brought this imagery with them when they left Egypt and replaced the Egyptian gods with Yahweh, who is the true judge of the heart.
Prov. 21:1–4 Like 20:22–25, this section has three proverbs on divine judgment followed by a fourth proverb that is related but does not explicitly mention the Lord. God is a much higher judge than the king, whom he controls.
Prov. 21:10–13 Just as the wicked offers no mercy to his neighbor, so his own pleas for help will . . . not be answered. God both knows and judges the wicked (v. 12).
Prov. 21:17 This proverb does not imply that pleasure or wine or oil are wrong in themselves. However, when they are enjoyed apart from thanksgiving to God, or enjoyed more than following in God’s paths, and thus to excess, they will destroy a person’s life.
Prov. 21:15–18 When justice is practiced, it is a joy for those who have walked in its ways and a terror to those who have perverted it (v. 15).
Prov. 21:9–19 Verses 9 and 19, on the quarrelsome wife, begin and end this unit on the rewards for the wise and the troubles of the wicked.
Prov. 21:25–26 Laziness leads to constant greed and craving. The diligence of the righteous allows them to be generous (see note on 10:4).
Prov. 21:29 The wicked man changes his behavior depending on the situation (puts on a bold face). In contrast, the upright person thinks about his ways and chooses the right way regardless of the circumstances.
Have you ever seen the movie Mrs. Doubtfire? In the movie, the main character, played by Robin Williams, resorts to deception by creating the alter ego of Mrs. Doubtfire to gain access to his children after losing custody in a divorce. He lies to his ex-wife and manipulates his way into a job as their housekeeper, all in an effort to spend more time with his kids. The lie allows him to be close to his children, but also creates a complex web of deception. In the end, the truth is exposed, and the lies unravel, leading to difficult consequences for him and those around him.
Our world often promotes shortcuts and dishonesty as a viable means to achieve personal gain, leaving behind a trail of broken relationships, shattered trust, and a loss of integrity. Proverbs 21:6 reminds us of the fleeting nature and danger of treasures acquired through deceitful means. The verse highlights the deceptive allure of obtaining wealth (or success) through a lying tongue. It paints a vivid picture of a vapor that quickly dissipates, revealing a snare that leads to spiritual and moral death. While we think we are on the path toward a happier life, in reality we are setting a trap for ourselves.
Those who pursue righteousness, on the other hand, "will find life, righteousness, and honor" (Proverbs 21:21). Living a life of righteousness means resisting the allure of immediate gratification in favor of something with eternal significance. It means choosing honesty over deception, transparency over manipulation, and character over compromise. It could lead to you passing on a great opportunity at work, your social status taking a hit, or your bank account staying smaller than you desire.
Proverbs 10:9 reminds us, "Whoever walks in integrity walks securely, but he who makes his ways crooked will be found out." Trust in the Lord's faithfulness and commit to living a life marked by righteousness and integrity. Choose the path that is secure and upright, for in doing so, you honor God and inspire others to walk in His truth.
This month's memory verse
with all humility and gentleness, with patience, bearing with one another in love,
1. How does your flesh define success for you? How much time do you spend thinking about obtaining that success?
2. Would those around you say the actions you are taking to achieve "success" glorify God or glorify yourself?
3. How have you been serving God faithfully and walking with integrity in your day-to-day life?
4. Where would you say you need to confess that your intentions have not been pure in your pursuit of something?
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Michael Scaman
Hugh Stephenson
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