January 30, 2024
Big Book Idea
Living wisely—God's way.
Do not look at wine when it is red,
when it sparkles in the cup
and goes down smoothly.
In the end it bites like a serpent
and stings like an adder.
1
When you sit down to eat with a ruler,
observe carefully what
1
23:1
Or who
is before you,
2
and put a knife to your throat
if you are given to appetite.
3
Do not desire his delicacies,
for they are deceptive food.
4
Do not toil to acquire wealth;
be discerning enough to desist.
5
When your eyes light on it, it is gone,
for suddenly it sprouts wings,
flying like an eagle toward heaven.
6
Do not eat the bread of a man who is stingy;
2
23:6
Hebrew whose eye is evil
do not desire his delicacies,
7
for he is like one who is inwardly calculating.
3
23:7
Or for as he calculates in his soul, so is he
“Eat and drink!” he says to you,
but his heart is not with you.
8
You will vomit up the morsels that you have eaten,
and waste your pleasant words.
9
Do not speak in the hearing of a fool,
for he will despise the good sense of your words.
10
Do not move an ancient landmark
or enter the fields of the fatherless,
11
for their Redeemer is strong;
he will plead their cause against you.
12
Apply your heart to instruction
and your ear to words of knowledge.
13
Do not withhold discipline from a child;
if you strike him with a rod, he will not die.
14
If you strike him with the rod,
you will save his soul from Sheol.
15
My son, if your heart is wise,
my heart too will be glad.
16
My inmost being
4
23:16
Hebrew My kidneys
will exult
when your lips speak what is right.
17
Let not your heart envy sinners,
but continue in the fear of the LORD all the day.
18
Surely there is a future,
and your hope will not be cut off.
19
Hear, my son, and be wise,
and direct your heart in the way.
20
Be not among drunkards
5
23:20
Hebrew those who drink too much wine
or among gluttonous eaters of meat,
21
for the drunkard and the glutton will come to poverty,
and slumber will clothe them with rags.
22
Listen to your father who gave you life,
and do not despise your mother when she is old.
23
Buy truth, and do not sell it;
buy wisdom, instruction, and understanding.
24
The father of the righteous will greatly rejoice;
he who fathers a wise son will be glad in him.
25
Let your father and mother be glad;
let her who bore you rejoice.
26
My son, give me your heart,
and let your eyes observe
6
23:26
Or delight in
my ways.
27
For a prostitute is a deep pit;
an adulteress
7
23:27
Hebrew a foreign woman
is a narrow well.
28
She lies in wait like a robber
and increases the traitors among mankind.
29
Who has woe? Who has sorrow?
Who has strife? Who has complaining?
Who has wounds without cause?
Who has redness of eyes?
30
Those who tarry long over wine;
those who go to try mixed wine.
31
Do not look at wine when it is red,
when it sparkles in the cup
and goes down smoothly.
32
In the end it bites like a serpent
and stings like an adder.
33
Your eyes will see strange things,
and your heart utter perverse things.
34
You will be like one who lies down in the midst of the sea,
like one who lies on the top of a mast.
8
23:34
Or of the rigging
35
“They struck me,” you will say,
9
23:35
Hebrew lacks you will say
“but I was not hurt;
they beat me, but I did not feel it.
When shall I awake?
I must have another drink.”
Proverbs itself mentions Solomon (reigned c. 971–931 B.C.) as author or collector of its contents (1:1; 10:1), including the proverbs copied by Hezekiah’s men (25:1). There are also two batches of sayings from a group called “the wise” (22:17–24:22; 24:23–34), and “oracles” from Agur (30:1–33) and Lemuel (31:1–9). No author is named for the song in praise of the excellent wife that ends the book (31:10–31). Although Proverbs was begun in the time of Solomon, it probably was not in its present form until the time of Hezekiah (reigned c. 715–686 B.C.).
The goal of the book is stated right at the beginning (1:1–7): to describe what wisdom is and to help God’s people become wise. Wisdom is founded in the “fear of the Lord,” and it enables believers to express their faith in the practical details of everyday life.
The book is addressed to a young man. The situations he will face while he is young receive much attention. These situations supply concrete examples from which all readers can apply lessons to their own lives. Anyone who is wise and who pays attention will benefit (1:5) from this instruction.
The reader of Proverbs must seek to understand the various types of people the book describes. The most obvious characters in the book are the wise, the fool, and the simple. Proverbs urges its readers to be wise, which means embracing God’s covenant and living out the covenant in everyday situations (compare 2:2; 10:1). The fool is the person who constantly opposes God’s covenant (1:7b). The simple is the person who is not firmly committed, either to wisdom or to folly; he is easily misled (14:15).
The first nine chapters of Proverbs are “wisdom poems” that urge the reader to pursue wisdom. The main section of Proverbs—the concise, memorable statements of two or three lines—begins in 10:1. Proverbs often seem to be mere observations about life, but their deeper meanings will reveal themselves if the following questions are kept in mind: (1) What virtue does this proverb commend? (2) What vice does it disapprove of? (3) What value does it affirm?
Proverbs offers wisdom on a wide array of topics from daily life: diligence and laziness (6:6–11); friendship (3:27–28; 18:24); speech (10:19–21); marriage (18:22; 19:14); child rearing (22:6); domestic peace (15:17; 17:1); work (11:1); getting along and good manners (23:1–2; 25:16–17; 26:17–19; 27:14); eternity (14:32; 23:17–18); and much more. It shows that “godliness is of value in every way, as it holds promise for the present life and also for the life to come” (1 Tim. 4:8).
Wisdom is a key term in Job, Proverbs, and Ecclesiastes. The word can mean “skilled at making sound decisions in life.” Proverbs 9:10 states that “the fear of the LORD is the beginning of wisdom.”
A different kind of security. In biblical times, if a person was unable to pay his debt, the consequences could be serious. The whole family could be sold into slavery. If someone put up “security” for another person, he promised to pay that person’s debt if he was unable to do so himself. Proverbs teaches that putting up security for another person is generally unwise, since those who do so risk losing everything if the other person cannot pay his debt (11:15).
Hezekiah’s contribution to Proverbs. Although most of the Proverbs were collected or written by King Solomon, who reigned from 971–931 B.C., the book of Proverbs did not exist in its present form until the time of King Hezekiah, some 200 years later. Hezekiah and “his men,” probably his scribes, recorded chs. 25–29.
Rock badgers are small cliff-dwelling animals closely resembling guinea pigs. They live and forage for food in large groups and are good at hiding. They are best known for posting sentries that alert the group when danger is near. Perhaps it was this mark of wisdom that earned them a mention in Proverbs (30:26).
Mixed wine. Since the process of distillation had not yet been invented, the wine of ancient Palestine had a low alcoholic content. Sometimes, people added various herbs and spices to the wine to increase its potency. The drunkenness described in 23:29–35 could have been caused by drinking such “mixed wine” (v. 30).
Romans 3 | OT Reference |
---|---|
Sinful Condition | |
v. 10, none is righteous | Ps. 14:3/53:3; Eccles. 7:20 |
v. 11a, no one understands | Ps. 14:2/53:2 |
v. 11b, no one seeks for God | Ps. 14:2/53:2 |
v. 12, all have turned aside; together they have become worthless; no one does good, not even one | Ps. 14:3/53:3 |
Sinful Speech (note progression from throat to tongue to lips) | |
v. 13a, b, their throat is an open grave; they use their tongues to deceive | Ps. 5:10, Septuagint (English, 5:9) |
v. 13c, the venom of asps is under their lips | Ps. 140:3 |
v. 14, their mouth is full of curses and bitterness | Ps. 10:7 |
Sinful Action | |
v. 15, their feet are swift to shed blood | Prov. 1:16/Isa. 59:7 |
v. 16, in their paths are ruin and misery | Isa. 59:7 |
v. 17, and the way of peace they have not known | Isa. 59:8 |
Summary Statement | |
v. 18, there is no fear of God before their eyes | Ps. 36:1 |
Prov. 23:1–3 The rich host may be using his wealth to manipulate his less-wealthy guests to do his bidding. His hospitality is deceptive.
Prov. 23:4–5 The workaholic is encouraged to be discerning enough to desist in his pursuit of wealth. suddenly it sprouts wings. Wealth is fleeting; there should come a point where a person decides he has enough, and that he will devote some of his time and effort to activities that bring no financial reward. See also note on 8:18–21.
Prov. 23:10–11 The Redeemer of the fatherless is the Lord himself (see Ps. 19:14; 119:154). He is perhaps portrayed here as the near kin (Lev. 25:23–25; Introduction to Ruth: Key Themes, “Redemption”).
Prov. 23:12 Wisdom cannot be acquired without determination.
Prov. 23:13–14 This saying clearly affirms the place of corporal punishment in child rearing. The father punishes in this way to teach the child, not to vent his anger. The goal of such discipline is developing the child’s character. In these verses, he will not die and you will save his soul from Sheol are parallel ideas. Sheol here is the place where the ungodly go after death (see Ps. 49:14; note on Prov. 7:26–27). Discipline equips the child to continue in the way of eternal life.
Prov. 23:17–18 Instead of envying those who ignore God’s way, pleasing the Lord should be the believer’s top priority (v. 17). Such a path is the only true hope for a future (see 24:14, 20; Ps. 37:9–11, 34, 37–38).
Prov. 23:26–28 The phrase give me your heart should guide parents in their task of child rearing. Their goal must be the deepest source of the child’s thoughts, words, and actions. observe my ways. Parents must live as an example of virtue for their children. In particular, the parent reminds the child to avoid a prostitute and an adulteress. Such persons are as deceitful as a robber. They lead one to betray their family (v. 28).
Prov. 23:33–34 Your eyes will see strange things. A drunken person cannot perceive the cause-and-effect connections of events. On the top of a mast is a picture of instability.
Mixed wine. Since the process of distillation had not yet been invented, the wine of ancient Palestine had a low alcoholic content. Sometimes, people added various herbs and spices to the wine to increase its potency. The drunkenness described in 23:29–35 could have been caused by drinking such “mixed wine” (v. 30).
For many years, Christians have had differing viewpoints about alcohol. If we aren't careful, we can be tempted to make some hasty generalizations. But when it comes to convictions like this one, it's important that we ask, "What else does the Bible say about this?" As I asked this question, here's what I found.
If I'm not careful, my takeaway from Proverbs 23 could be, "Drinking alcohol is a sin." I suggest to you . . . it depends. Proverbs 23:29-35 gives a warning about the negative effects alcohol can have. Scripture explicitly calls drunkenness sinful (Ephesians 5:18; Luke 21:34; Isaiah 5:11), but I also see Jesus using wine when it was appropriate (John 2:1-11; Luke 22:14-20). If drinking were a sin, Jesus would not have taken part. So, I must dive deeper. Scripture calls believers to be of sober mind (2 Timothy 4:5) and to live by the Spirit (Galatians 5:25), and self-control is a fruit of the Spirit (Galatians 5:22-23).
Like all things the Lord has given us, alcohol can be a blessing (Psalm 104:14-15; Ecclesiastes 9:7; 1 Timothy 5:23). However, when used outside of God's design, it can lead us down a path that no longer aligns with God's will. It can cause us to sin (Ephesians 5:18). In 1 Corinthians 10:31, Paul instructs us to do all things to the glory of God, so perhaps a better question to ask ourselves when forming our view of alcohol is, "When I drink alcohol, am I still able to bring God glory?" How I answer that question will impact how I answer the next: "Is it sinful when I drink alcohol?"
When I reflect on my early twenties, I wasn't walking with the Lord, and alcohol was new and exciting. I do have some fun memories, but even more of my memories are painful and full of shame. The mistakes I was most ashamed of were a direct result of drinking too much and losing control. These moments are part of my story, which led me to Christ. Because of His grace, love, and redeeming power, I no longer feel ashamed of those moments. If that's a part of your story also, please hear me when I say, there is hope because we have a Savior who is ready to heal and redeem your story, too (2 Corinthians 5:17).
This month's memory verse
with all humility and gentleness, with patience, bearing with one another in love,
1. Has alcohol impacted your life positively or negatively? How?
2. Has drinking alcohol ever caused you to do something you regretted later? If so, have you accepted Christ's provision and trusted He has or can redeem those moments?
3. If you choose to drink alcohol, what steps can you take to help ensure it won't cause you to sin?
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