February 2, 2024
Big Book Idea
Living wisely—God's way.
A lying tongue hates its victims,
and a flattering mouth works ruin.
1
Like snow in summer or rain in harvest,
so honor is not fitting for a fool.
2
Like a sparrow in its flitting, like a swallow in its flying,
a curse that is causeless does not alight.
3
A whip for the horse, a bridle for the donkey,
and a rod for the back of fools.
4
Answer not a fool according to his folly,
lest you be like him yourself.
5
Answer a fool according to his folly,
lest he be wise in his own eyes.
6
Whoever sends a message by the hand of a fool
cuts off his own feet and drinks violence.
7
Like a lame man's legs, which hang useless,
is a proverb in the mouth of fools.
8
Like one who binds the stone in the sling
is one who gives honor to a fool.
9
Like a thorn that goes up into the hand of a drunkard
is a proverb in the mouth of fools.
10
Like an archer who wounds everyone
is one who hires a passing fool or drunkard.
1
26:10
Or hires a fool or passersby
11
Like a dog that returns to his vomit
is a fool who repeats his folly.
12
Do you see a man who is wise in his own eyes?
There is more hope for a fool than for him.
13
The sluggard says, “There is a lion in the road!
There is a lion in the streets!”
14
As a door turns on its hinges,
so does a sluggard on his bed.
15
The sluggard buries his hand in the dish;
it wears him out to bring it back to his mouth.
16
The sluggard is wiser in his own eyes
than seven men who can answer sensibly.
17
Whoever meddles in a quarrel not his own
is like one who takes a passing dog by the ears.
18
Like a madman who throws firebrands, arrows, and death
19
is the man who deceives his neighbor
and says, “I am only joking!”
20
For lack of wood the fire goes out,
and where there is no whisperer, quarreling ceases.
21
As charcoal to hot embers and wood to fire,
so is a quarrelsome man for kindling strife.
22
The words of a whisperer are like delicious morsels;
they go down into the inner parts of the body.
23
Like the glaze
2
26:23
By revocalization; Hebrew silver of dross
covering an earthen vessel
are fervent lips with an evil heart.
24
Whoever hates disguises himself with his lips
and harbors deceit in his heart;
25
when he speaks graciously, believe him not,
for there are seven abominations in his heart;
26
though his hatred be covered with deception,
his wickedness will be exposed in the assembly.
27
Whoever digs a pit will fall into it,
and a stone will come back on him who starts it rolling.
28
A lying tongue hates its victims,
and a flattering mouth works ruin.
Proverbs itself mentions Solomon (reigned c. 971–931 B.C.) as author or collector of its contents (1:1; 10:1), including the proverbs copied by Hezekiah’s men (25:1). There are also two batches of sayings from a group called “the wise” (22:17–24:22; 24:23–34), and “oracles” from Agur (30:1–33) and Lemuel (31:1–9). No author is named for the song in praise of the excellent wife that ends the book (31:10–31). Although Proverbs was begun in the time of Solomon, it probably was not in its present form until the time of Hezekiah (reigned c. 715–686 B.C.).
The goal of the book is stated right at the beginning (1:1–7): to describe what wisdom is and to help God’s people become wise. Wisdom is founded in the “fear of the Lord,” and it enables believers to express their faith in the practical details of everyday life.
The book is addressed to a young man. The situations he will face while he is young receive much attention. These situations supply concrete examples from which all readers can apply lessons to their own lives. Anyone who is wise and who pays attention will benefit (1:5) from this instruction.
The reader of Proverbs must seek to understand the various types of people the book describes. The most obvious characters in the book are the wise, the fool, and the simple. Proverbs urges its readers to be wise, which means embracing God’s covenant and living out the covenant in everyday situations (compare 2:2; 10:1). The fool is the person who constantly opposes God’s covenant (1:7b). The simple is the person who is not firmly committed, either to wisdom or to folly; he is easily misled (14:15).
The first nine chapters of Proverbs are “wisdom poems” that urge the reader to pursue wisdom. The main section of Proverbs—the concise, memorable statements of two or three lines—begins in 10:1. Proverbs often seem to be mere observations about life, but their deeper meanings will reveal themselves if the following questions are kept in mind: (1) What virtue does this proverb commend? (2) What vice does it disapprove of? (3) What value does it affirm?
Proverbs offers wisdom on a wide array of topics from daily life: diligence and laziness (6:6–11); friendship (3:27–28; 18:24); speech (10:19–21); marriage (18:22; 19:14); child rearing (22:6); domestic peace (15:17; 17:1); work (11:1); getting along and good manners (23:1–2; 25:16–17; 26:17–19; 27:14); eternity (14:32; 23:17–18); and much more. It shows that “godliness is of value in every way, as it holds promise for the present life and also for the life to come” (1 Tim. 4:8).
Wisdom is a key term in Job, Proverbs, and Ecclesiastes. The word can mean “skilled at making sound decisions in life.” Proverbs 9:10 states that “the fear of the LORD is the beginning of wisdom.”
A different kind of security. In biblical times, if a person was unable to pay his debt, the consequences could be serious. The whole family could be sold into slavery. If someone put up “security” for another person, he promised to pay that person’s debt if he was unable to do so himself. Proverbs teaches that putting up security for another person is generally unwise, since those who do so risk losing everything if the other person cannot pay his debt (11:15).
Hezekiah’s contribution to Proverbs. Although most of the Proverbs were collected or written by King Solomon, who reigned from 971–931 B.C., the book of Proverbs did not exist in its present form until the time of King Hezekiah, some 200 years later. Hezekiah and “his men,” probably his scribes, recorded chs. 25–29.
Rock badgers are small cliff-dwelling animals closely resembling guinea pigs. They live and forage for food in large groups and are good at hiding. They are best known for posting sentries that alert the group when danger is near. Perhaps it was this mark of wisdom that earned them a mention in Proverbs (30:26).
Pits were used for everything from water collection and food storage to animal traps and prisons. Pits were often seen as signs of danger, representing the final destination of the wicked (33:18). Often the wicked are described as falling into the very pits that they themselves dug (Ps. 7:15; Prov. 26:27).
Glazing over the truth? As in modern times, clay pottery was often glazed to improve its appearance. But glaze could also be used to hide poor craftsmanship. It is this dishonest use that is described in 26:23.
Romans 3 | OT Reference |
---|---|
Sinful Condition | |
v. 10, none is righteous | Ps. 14:3/53:3; Eccles. 7:20 |
v. 11a, no one understands | Ps. 14:2/53:2 |
v. 11b, no one seeks for God | Ps. 14:2/53:2 |
v. 12, all have turned aside; together they have become worthless; no one does good, not even one | Ps. 14:3/53:3 |
Sinful Speech (note progression from throat to tongue to lips) | |
v. 13a, b, their throat is an open grave; they use their tongues to deceive | Ps. 5:10, Septuagint (English, 5:9) |
v. 13c, the venom of asps is under their lips | Ps. 140:3 |
v. 14, their mouth is full of curses and bitterness | Ps. 10:7 |
Sinful Action | |
v. 15, their feet are swift to shed blood | Prov. 1:16/Isa. 59:7 |
v. 16, in their paths are ruin and misery | Isa. 59:7 |
v. 17, and the way of peace they have not known | Isa. 59:8 |
Summary Statement | |
v. 18, there is no fear of God before their eyes | Ps. 36:1 |
Prov. 26:4–5 At first these verses seem to contradict each other. But the fact that they are grouped together shows they do not. Rather, they cover two situations. The reader must determine when it is best to answer not a fool (ignore him) and when to answer him. He must be answered if silence would cause harm to the fool or to others.
Prov. 25:28–26:12 All of these proverbs focus on the fool.
Prov. 26:12 Even more hopeless than the situation of the fool (vv. 1–11) is the situation of the stubbornly unteachable person, who is wise in his own eyes (see v. 5).
Prov. 26:13–16 These proverbs focus on the sluggard. He looks ridiculous in his laziness (vv. 13–15) even while considering himself wise (v. 16). In fearing the lion (v. 13), he uses a remote possibility of danger as an excuse for not working.
Prov. 26:17 Someone who stands behind a passing dog and grabs it by the ears is temporarily safe from harm. But he is actually trapped, because the angry dog will attack him when he lets go.
Prov. 26:17–22 These proverbs describe a person who uses his words carelessly.
Glazing over the truth? As in modern times, clay pottery was often glazed to improve its appearance. But glaze could also be used to hide poor craftsmanship. It is this dishonest use that is described in 26:23.
Pits were used for everything from water collection and food storage to animal traps and prisons. Pits were often seen as signs of danger, representing the final destination of the wicked (33:18). Often the wicked are described as falling into the very pits that they themselves dug (Ps. 7:15; Prov. 26:27).
Prov. 26:23–28 These verses concern the liar. He artfully disguises his lies, and one should take care not to be fooled by him (vv. 23–25). Eventually his lies will be exposed and he will be trapped in his own deceit (vv. 26–28).
In this chapter, we see how foolishness stains habits and reputation (Proverbs 26:1-12), bleeds into work ethic (Proverbs 26:13-16), and ultimately poisons speech (Proverbs 26:17-28). This is no small matter. Jesus tells us that the words you speak come from the heart, and that's what defiles you (Matthew 15:18). Any word—from lies to flattery— reveals the ugliness of sin within us (Proverbs 26:28). Sin fuels foolishness, and it's a sobering reality that we have no ability to fight sin until we, as new creations in Christ, look beyond ourselves to gaze at the Lord (2 Corinthians 5:17, 3:18).
Even more than trying to fight sin and abstain from foolishness, we need to look like Jesus. Thankfully, as believers, we are united with Him. In 1 Corinthians 1:30 (NLT), Paul writes, "God has united you with Christ Jesus. For our benefit God made him to be wisdom itself. Christ made us right with God; he made us pure and holy, and he freed us from sin."
When we, as believers, accept this glorious reality that we are united with Jesus— who is the very definition of wisdom itself— we will live from the honor that God has already given us in making us pure, holy, and free from sin. When we understand this, our whole lives will align and shine from this blessed union. Jesus is the key to abstaining from foolishness and living a life of honor that we, as believers, are privy to employ and enjoy. Instead of being lazy, we will work hard for the Lord (Colossians 3:23), and instead of using our mouths for destruction, we will use it to bless God and others (James 3:9-12). This union makes us look like Jesus.
Out of this humble, Christ-centered posture, we can read and apply each of these wise sayings to our daily lives! Each verse is a tool that can help us understand the way of the world, stay on the right path, or redirect us when we veer off. Let the Holy Spirit illuminate specific verses to pray into your life today!
This month's memory verse
Yahweh! The Lord! The God of compassion and mercy! I am slow to anger and filled with unfailing love and faithfulness.
1. Reflecting on your life, do you usually view sin as the root of foolishness? How does this change the way you seek to address foolishness in your own life or the lives of others?
2. Why is it important to remember your union with Christ as you seek to become more like Him?
3. Which verse(s) did the Holy Spirit specifically highlight in your heart as you read this chapter? Pray through those now!
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Michael Scaman
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Amy Lowther
Hugh Stephenson
Hugh Stephenson
Hugh Stephenson