February 5, 2024
Big Book Idea
Living wisely—God's way.
Faithful are the wounds of a friend;
profuse are the kisses of an enemy.
1
Do not boast about tomorrow,
for you do not know what a day may bring.
2
Let another praise you, and not your own mouth;
a stranger, and not your own lips.
3
A stone is heavy, and sand is weighty,
but a fool's provocation is heavier than both.
4
Wrath is cruel, anger is overwhelming,
but who can stand before jealousy?
5
Better is open rebuke
than hidden love.
6
Faithful are the wounds of a friend;
profuse are the kisses of an enemy.
7
One who is full loathes honey,
but to one who is hungry everything bitter is sweet.
8
Like a bird that strays from its nest
is a man who strays from his home.
9
Oil and perfume make the heart glad,
and the sweetness of a friend comes from his earnest counsel.
1
27:9
Or and so does the sweetness of a friend that comes from his earnest counsel
10
Do not forsake your friend and your father's friend,
and do not go to your brother's house in the day of your calamity.
Better is a neighbor who is near
than a brother who is far away.
11
Be wise, my son, and make my heart glad,
that I may answer him who reproaches me.
12
The prudent sees danger and hides himself,
but the simple go on and suffer for it.
13
Take a man's garment when he has put up security for a stranger,
and hold it in pledge when he puts up security for an adulteress.
2
27:13
Hebrew a foreign woman; a slight emendation yields (compare Vulgate; see also 20:16) foreigners
14
Whoever blesses his neighbor with a loud voice,
rising early in the morning,
will be counted as cursing.
15
A continual dripping on a rainy day
and a quarrelsome wife are alike;
16
to restrain her is to restrain the wind
or to grasp
3
27:16
Hebrew to meet with
oil in one's right hand.
17
Iron sharpens iron,
and one man sharpens another.
4
27:17
Hebrew sharpens the face of another
18
Whoever tends a fig tree will eat its fruit,
and he who guards his master will be honored.
19
As in water face reflects face,
so the heart of man reflects the man.
20
Sheol and Abaddon are never satisfied,
and never satisfied are the eyes of man.
21
The crucible is for silver, and the furnace is for gold,
and a man is tested by his praise.
22
Crush a fool in a mortar with a pestle
along with crushed grain,
yet his folly will not depart from him.
23
Know well the condition of your flocks,
and give attention to your herds,
24
for riches do not last forever;
and does a crown endure to all generations?
25
When the grass is gone and the new growth appears
and the vegetation of the mountains is gathered,
26
the lambs will provide your clothing,
and the goats the price of a field.
27
There will be enough goats' milk for your food,
for the food of your household
and maintenance for your girls.
Proverbs itself mentions Solomon (reigned c. 971–931 B.C.) as author or collector of its contents (1:1; 10:1), including the proverbs copied by Hezekiah’s men (25:1). There are also two batches of sayings from a group called “the wise” (22:17–24:22; 24:23–34), and “oracles” from Agur (30:1–33) and Lemuel (31:1–9). No author is named for the song in praise of the excellent wife that ends the book (31:10–31). Although Proverbs was begun in the time of Solomon, it probably was not in its present form until the time of Hezekiah (reigned c. 715–686 B.C.).
The goal of the book is stated right at the beginning (1:1–7): to describe what wisdom is and to help God’s people become wise. Wisdom is founded in the “fear of the Lord,” and it enables believers to express their faith in the practical details of everyday life.
The book is addressed to a young man. The situations he will face while he is young receive much attention. These situations supply concrete examples from which all readers can apply lessons to their own lives. Anyone who is wise and who pays attention will benefit (1:5) from this instruction.
The reader of Proverbs must seek to understand the various types of people the book describes. The most obvious characters in the book are the wise, the fool, and the simple. Proverbs urges its readers to be wise, which means embracing God’s covenant and living out the covenant in everyday situations (compare 2:2; 10:1). The fool is the person who constantly opposes God’s covenant (1:7b). The simple is the person who is not firmly committed, either to wisdom or to folly; he is easily misled (14:15).
The first nine chapters of Proverbs are “wisdom poems” that urge the reader to pursue wisdom. The main section of Proverbs—the concise, memorable statements of two or three lines—begins in 10:1. Proverbs often seem to be mere observations about life, but their deeper meanings will reveal themselves if the following questions are kept in mind: (1) What virtue does this proverb commend? (2) What vice does it disapprove of? (3) What value does it affirm?
Proverbs offers wisdom on a wide array of topics from daily life: diligence and laziness (6:6–11); friendship (3:27–28; 18:24); speech (10:19–21); marriage (18:22; 19:14); child rearing (22:6); domestic peace (15:17; 17:1); work (11:1); getting along and good manners (23:1–2; 25:16–17; 26:17–19; 27:14); eternity (14:32; 23:17–18); and much more. It shows that “godliness is of value in every way, as it holds promise for the present life and also for the life to come” (1 Tim. 4:8).
Wisdom is a key term in Job, Proverbs, and Ecclesiastes. The word can mean “skilled at making sound decisions in life.” Proverbs 9:10 states that “the fear of the LORD is the beginning of wisdom.”
A different kind of security. In biblical times, if a person was unable to pay his debt, the consequences could be serious. The whole family could be sold into slavery. If someone put up “security” for another person, he promised to pay that person’s debt if he was unable to do so himself. Proverbs teaches that putting up security for another person is generally unwise, since those who do so risk losing everything if the other person cannot pay his debt (11:15).
Hezekiah’s contribution to Proverbs. Although most of the Proverbs were collected or written by King Solomon, who reigned from 971–931 B.C., the book of Proverbs did not exist in its present form until the time of King Hezekiah, some 200 years later. Hezekiah and “his men,” probably his scribes, recorded chs. 25–29.
Rock badgers are small cliff-dwelling animals closely resembling guinea pigs. They live and forage for food in large groups and are good at hiding. They are best known for posting sentries that alert the group when danger is near. Perhaps it was this mark of wisdom that earned them a mention in Proverbs (30:26).
What is a crucible? In the ancient world, a crucible (27:21) was a bowl-shaped instrument used to hold metals such as gold and silver for the refining process. The crucible had to withstand the high temperatures needed to melt out the impurities within the metals. Materials such as clay or stone were used as crucibles.
Romans 3 | OT Reference |
---|---|
Sinful Condition | |
v. 10, none is righteous | Ps. 14:3/53:3; Eccles. 7:20 |
v. 11a, no one understands | Ps. 14:2/53:2 |
v. 11b, no one seeks for God | Ps. 14:2/53:2 |
v. 12, all have turned aside; together they have become worthless; no one does good, not even one | Ps. 14:3/53:3 |
Sinful Speech (note progression from throat to tongue to lips) | |
v. 13a, b, their throat is an open grave; they use their tongues to deceive | Ps. 5:10, Septuagint (English, 5:9) |
v. 13c, the venom of asps is under their lips | Ps. 140:3 |
v. 14, their mouth is full of curses and bitterness | Ps. 10:7 |
Sinful Action | |
v. 15, their feet are swift to shed blood | Prov. 1:16/Isa. 59:7 |
v. 16, in their paths are ruin and misery | Isa. 59:7 |
v. 17, and the way of peace they have not known | Isa. 59:8 |
Summary Statement | |
v. 18, there is no fear of God before their eyes | Ps. 36:1 |
Prov. 27:1–2 These proverbs both concern boasting; boast and praise are different forms of the same Hebrew word. In v. 1, a person should not boast of his likely successes. In v. 2, he should not boast of himself.
Prov. 27:3–4 Both proverbs have the same pattern (two items mentioned for comparison’s sake, followed by a single item that is worse than both of them). Together, the proverbs suggest that a fool is more unbearable than any kind of physical (stone and sand) or psychological (wrath and anger) difficulty. Jealousy, unlike ordinary anger, will not listen to the voice of reason.
Prov. 27:5–6 Open rebuke gives a person the chance to reflect on the course he or she is taking. Hidden love sees problems but does not try to help the person.
Prov. 27:7–10 Each of these four proverbs teaches an element of wisdom that stands on its own, but they have additional use when taken together. Verses 7 and 9 suggest that it is good to have friends for the occasional party, but it is better to have a friend who gives good advice. Together, vv. 8 and 10 teach that there are benefits in remaining close to family, but a person in need should not hesitate to turn to a true friend.
Prov. 27:15–16 In light of v. 12, these proverbs encourage a man to be careful, for a quarrelsome character would likely be evident before marriage. The fact that the husband tries but fails to restrain his wife pictures the consequences of spouses working against each other, rather than each working with and for the other (compare the contrasting description of 31:11–12, 23, 28, 31).
What is a crucible? In the ancient world, a crucible (27:21) was a bowl-shaped instrument used to hold metals such as gold and silver for the refining process. The crucible had to withstand the high temperatures needed to melt out the impurities within the metals. Materials such as clay or stone were used as crucibles.
Prov. 27:19–22 Just as water reflects a person’s actual appearance, so the heart reflects a person’s true nature (v. 19). While a person may conceal or reveal his heart through speech and actions, only God can see its true state (see 21:2).
When I read this chapter, I found it easy to get lost in the wisdom of a single verse. However, when I look at the bigger picture, I am encouraged by the repeated idea of living the way God designed in relationships and humility.
In Proverbs 27:1-2, we read that humans are naturally selfish as we want to boast about tomorrow and let our mouths praise ourselves. Immediately, there is a picture of our need for constant humility. This is important to realize as the following verses require our humility.
What qualities do you think a true friend must have? Well, we see in Proverbs 27:5-6 that "[b]etter is open rebuke than hidden love. Faithful are the wounds of a friend; profuse are the kisses of an enemy." The love described here concerns correction. We must be willing to gently correct friends and to have humility when being corrected or even rebuked by friends. But why? Psalm 141:5a explains, "Let a righteous man strike me—it is a kindness."
Finally, I am reminded that "[i]ron sharpens iron, and one man sharpens another." (Proverbs 27:17) What does this mean? It is known that scraping two pieces of iron against each other removes rough spots and renews its desired shape. Similarly, this implies that we should challenge one another and receive challenge with humility as believers. If we are never challenged, we are at risk of retaining our "rough spots." This is also clearly seen in Proverbs 11:14, "Where there is no guidance, a people falls, but in an abundance of counselors there is safety."
God desires for His people to build each other up in humility and to be unified (2 Corinthians 13:11). It may not be easy to live God's way, but it is something I try to do every day. Our gracious Father knows we cannot do it on our own, so He provides His Spirit and Christ-centered relationships to help us live more like Him every day. Oh, how He loves us!
This month's memory verse
Yahweh! The Lord! The God of compassion and mercy! I am slow to anger and filled with unfailing love and faithfulness.
1. God desires for us to always live with humility. What does humility look like in your life?
2. Proverbs 27:5-6 tells us that it is faithful and loving of a friend to tell you the hard truth. Has there been a time when a friend told you the hard truth? How did you respond? What was the outcome?
3. It is clear in Proverbs 27:17 that we should sharpen one another as iron sharpens iron. What was one time you were sharpened by another believer? How did that work out? When have you sharpened another believer's faith?
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