February 8, 2024
Big Book Idea
Living wisely—God's way.
Every word of God proves true;
he is a shield to those who take refuge in him. Do not add to his words,
lest he rebuke you and you be found a liar.
1 The words of Agur son of Jakeh. The oracle. 1 30:1 Or Jakeh, the man of Massa
The man declares, I am weary, O God;
I am weary, O God, and worn out.
2
30:1
Revocalization; Hebrew The man declares to Ithiel, to Ithiel and Ucal
2
Surely I am too stupid to be a man.
I have not the understanding of a man.
3
I have not learned wisdom,
nor have I knowledge of the Holy One.
4
Who has ascended to heaven and come down?
Who has gathered the wind in his fists?
Who has wrapped up the waters in a garment?
Who has established all the ends of the earth?
What is his name, and what is his son's name?
Surely you know!
5
Every word of God proves true;
he is a shield to those who take refuge in him.
6
Do not add to his words,
lest he rebuke you and you be found a liar.
7
Two things I ask of you;
deny them not to me before I die:
8
Remove far from me falsehood and lying;
give me neither poverty nor riches;
feed me with the food that is needful for me,
9
lest I be full and deny you
and say, “Who is the LORD?”
or lest I be poor and steal
and profane the name of my God.
10
Do not slander a servant to his master,
lest he curse you, and you be held guilty.
11
There are those
3
30:11
Hebrew There is a generation; also verses 12, 13, 14
who curse their fathers
and do not bless their mothers.
12
There are those who are clean in their own eyes
but are not washed of their filth.
13
There are those—how lofty are their eyes,
how high their eyelids lift!
14
There are those whose teeth are swords,
whose fangs are knives,
to devour the poor from off the earth,
the needy from among mankind.
15
The leech has two daughters:
Give and Give.
4
30:15
Or Give, give, they cry
Three things are never satisfied;
four never say, “Enough”:
16
Sheol, the barren womb,
the land never satisfied with water,
and the fire that never says, “Enough.”
17
The eye that mocks a father
and scorns to obey a mother
will be picked out by the ravens of the valley
and eaten by the vultures.
18
Three things are too wonderful for me;
four I do not understand:
19
the way of an eagle in the sky,
the way of a serpent on a rock,
the way of a ship on the high seas,
and the way of a man with a virgin.
20
This is the way of an adulteress:
she eats and wipes her mouth
and says, “I have done no wrong.”
21
Under three things the earth trembles;
under four it cannot bear up:
22
a slave when he becomes king,
and a fool when he is filled with food;
23
an unloved woman when she gets a husband,
and a maidservant when she displaces her mistress.
24
Four things on earth are small,
but they are exceedingly wise:
25
the ants are a people not strong,
yet they provide their food in the summer;
26
the rock badgers are a people not mighty,
yet they make their homes in the cliffs;
27
the locusts have no king,
yet all of them march in rank;
28
the lizard you can take in your hands,
yet it is in kings' palaces.
29
Three things are stately in their tread;
four are stately in their stride:
30
the lion, which is mightiest among beasts
and does not turn back before any;
31
the strutting rooster,
5
30:31
Or the magpie, or the greyhound; Hebrew girt-of-loins
the he-goat,
and a king whose army is with him.
6
30:31
Or against whom there is no rising up
32
If you have been foolish, exalting yourself,
or if you have been devising evil,
put your hand on your mouth.
33
For pressing milk produces curds,
pressing the nose produces blood,
and pressing anger produces strife.
Proverbs itself mentions Solomon (reigned c. 971–931 B.C.) as author or collector of its contents (1:1; 10:1), including the proverbs copied by Hezekiah’s men (25:1). There are also two batches of sayings from a group called “the wise” (22:17–24:22; 24:23–34), and “oracles” from Agur (30:1–33) and Lemuel (31:1–9). No author is named for the song in praise of the excellent wife that ends the book (31:10–31). Although Proverbs was begun in the time of Solomon, it probably was not in its present form until the time of Hezekiah (reigned c. 715–686 B.C.).
The goal of the book is stated right at the beginning (1:1–7): to describe what wisdom is and to help God’s people become wise. Wisdom is founded in the “fear of the Lord,” and it enables believers to express their faith in the practical details of everyday life.
The book is addressed to a young man. The situations he will face while he is young receive much attention. These situations supply concrete examples from which all readers can apply lessons to their own lives. Anyone who is wise and who pays attention will benefit (1:5) from this instruction.
The reader of Proverbs must seek to understand the various types of people the book describes. The most obvious characters in the book are the wise, the fool, and the simple. Proverbs urges its readers to be wise, which means embracing God’s covenant and living out the covenant in everyday situations (compare 2:2; 10:1). The fool is the person who constantly opposes God’s covenant (1:7b). The simple is the person who is not firmly committed, either to wisdom or to folly; he is easily misled (14:15).
The first nine chapters of Proverbs are “wisdom poems” that urge the reader to pursue wisdom. The main section of Proverbs—the concise, memorable statements of two or three lines—begins in 10:1. Proverbs often seem to be mere observations about life, but their deeper meanings will reveal themselves if the following questions are kept in mind: (1) What virtue does this proverb commend? (2) What vice does it disapprove of? (3) What value does it affirm?
Proverbs offers wisdom on a wide array of topics from daily life: diligence and laziness (6:6–11); friendship (3:27–28; 18:24); speech (10:19–21); marriage (18:22; 19:14); child rearing (22:6); domestic peace (15:17; 17:1); work (11:1); getting along and good manners (23:1–2; 25:16–17; 26:17–19; 27:14); eternity (14:32; 23:17–18); and much more. It shows that “godliness is of value in every way, as it holds promise for the present life and also for the life to come” (1 Tim. 4:8).
Wisdom is a key term in Job, Proverbs, and Ecclesiastes. The word can mean “skilled at making sound decisions in life.” Proverbs 9:10 states that “the fear of the LORD is the beginning of wisdom.”
A different kind of security. In biblical times, if a person was unable to pay his debt, the consequences could be serious. The whole family could be sold into slavery. If someone put up “security” for another person, he promised to pay that person’s debt if he was unable to do so himself. Proverbs teaches that putting up security for another person is generally unwise, since those who do so risk losing everything if the other person cannot pay his debt (11:15).
Hezekiah’s contribution to Proverbs. Although most of the Proverbs were collected or written by King Solomon, who reigned from 971–931 B.C., the book of Proverbs did not exist in its present form until the time of King Hezekiah, some 200 years later. Hezekiah and “his men,” probably his scribes, recorded chs. 25–29.
Rock badgers are small cliff-dwelling animals closely resembling guinea pigs. They live and forage for food in large groups and are good at hiding. They are best known for posting sentries that alert the group when danger is near. Perhaps it was this mark of wisdom that earned them a mention in Proverbs (30:26).
Despite their small size, ants are a picture of wisdom and initiative (6:6–8; 30:25). Ant colonies can reach populations of more than half a million, and will work tirelessly during the harvest season to store food for the winter.
Romans 3 | OT Reference |
---|---|
Sinful Condition | |
v. 10, none is righteous | Ps. 14:3/53:3; Eccles. 7:20 |
v. 11a, no one understands | Ps. 14:2/53:2 |
v. 11b, no one seeks for God | Ps. 14:2/53:2 |
v. 12, all have turned aside; together they have become worthless; no one does good, not even one | Ps. 14:3/53:3 |
Sinful Speech (note progression from throat to tongue to lips) | |
v. 13a, b, their throat is an open grave; they use their tongues to deceive | Ps. 5:10, Septuagint (English, 5:9) |
v. 13c, the venom of asps is under their lips | Ps. 140:3 |
v. 14, their mouth is full of curses and bitterness | Ps. 10:7 |
Sinful Action | |
v. 15, their feet are swift to shed blood | Prov. 1:16/Isa. 59:7 |
v. 16, in their paths are ruin and misery | Isa. 59:7 |
v. 17, and the way of peace they have not known | Isa. 59:8 |
Summary Statement | |
v. 18, there is no fear of God before their eyes | Ps. 36:1 |
Prov. 30:2–6 I am too stupid to be a man. Wisdom texts often begin with a teacher proclaiming that he is wise and so his words ought to be obeyed. Here, Agur does just the opposite: he confesses that he is not learned in wisdom (vv. 2–3). Agur then asks a series of rhetorical questions to show the limitations on human understanding and achievement (v. 4). Like the questions of God in Job 38–39, these questions point to things that only God can do. Silent reverence is the only proper human response (Prov. 30:6). The whole of vv. 2–6 teaches that human wisdom is limited, that the wisest people recognize their ignorance, that truth resides in the word of God, and that no one should think he is able to improve upon the wisdom that God has given.
Prov. 30:5–6 Every word of God proves true (compare 2 Sam. 22:31). God’s words are a proven foundation for one’s life. The proverb’s emphasis on every “word” underscores the truthfulness, trustworthiness, and reliability of the Bible, not just in its overall message but also in every detail.
Prov. 30:7–9 This is the only prayer in Proverbs. Agur asks for two things. The first request (remove far from me falsehood and lying) probably implies both that he does not want to become a liar and that he does not want to have people lie to him. The second request (give me neither poverty nor riches; feed me with the food that is needful for me) expresses caution about trusting in wealth.
Prov. 30:15 The leech has two daughters, both named Give. The saying probably alludes to the two suckers on a leech’s body. It may have been a common way to describe a selfish or demanding person.
Prov. 30:17 This is actually a curse. Agur obviously regards respect for parents as supremely important (see v. 11).
Prov. 30:18–19 The eagle, the serpent, and the ship leave no trail. The relationship of a man and a virgin, if it is chaste, likewise leaves no observable change.
Prov. 30:21–23 These four persons are unbearable because they have been given things they have no capacity to handle wisely. A modern example would be a person promoted above his ability level.
Despite their small size, ants are a picture of wisdom and initiative (6:6–8; 30:25). Ant colonies can reach populations of more than half a million, and will work tirelessly during the harvest season to store food for the winter.
Prov. 30:29–31 The king is the main point here; the animals serve as comparisons. The lesson is that a king’s majesty is in his subjects (see 14:28).
Prov. 30:1–33 The Sayings of Agur. The identity of Agur, son of Jakeh, is unknown. One claim is that the word translated oracle actually should be the proper name “Massa,” so that v. 1 would read, “Agur son of Jakeh, the man of Massa” (see ESV footnote). If so, then it might refer to a tribe in northwest Arabia, and Agur could have been a Gentile.
Up to this point in Proverbs, we've seen Solomon provide us with the godly advice needed to live a life that is pleasing to the Lord. As we turn to chapter 30, we see "Agur son of Jakeh" take over for Solomon. Who is the new guy? Though little is known about Agur, he brings a big message through poetic wisdom to his audience.
Simply put, Agur's message is that God's guidance for us through His Word is without fault. Although humanity often distorts God's Word and relies upon its own wisdom, the Lord alone holds all knowledge in His hands. With this theme in mind, we see in Proverbs 30:7-9 that Agur requests the Lord to remove lies, poverty, and riches from his life, "lest I be full and deny you." It's worth noting that we see Jesus say something similar in the Sermon on the Mount when He announces, "Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they will be satisfied." (Matthew 5:6) Both Agur and Jesus realized our need to be filled with what is righteous and holy. If we don't completely depend upon God alone, we will look for fulfillment in the wrong places.
Additionally, Agur points out that there are those of this world who don't hold the same convictions and don't align with God's commandments. They are described in Proverbs 30:12 as, "clean in their own eyes but are not washed of their filth." As followers of Jesus, we find hope in God not only cleansing us of our filth, but going so much further. Paul informs us, "[Jesus] has now reconciled in his body of flesh by his death, in order to present you holy and blameless and above reproach before him," (Colossians 1:22). When we find ourselves not lining up with God's commandments, God still sees us through the lens of Christ. What an amazing blessing!
Though Agur's spotlight in the Bible ends here, his guidance to take refuge in God alone and seek truth from, but not add anything to, God's timeless and perfect Word, are lessons we can all benefit from.
This month's memory verse
Yahweh! The Lord! The God of compassion and mercy! I am slow to anger and filled with unfailing love and faithfulness.
1. Where in life do you find it easiest to misconstrue God's Word in order to justify your own sin?
2. Reread Proverbs 30:8 in a prayerful manner. On a scale of 1-10, how easy do you find it to ask God for this kind of mindset of "neither poverty nor riches"? Why or why not?
3. Jesus sets us free, and we ought to feel that way! Is there anything specific that keeps you from believing the good news that your sins have already been completely washed away by Jesus when you trust in Him for salvation?
4. What areas in life do you find it easiest to exalt yourself? (e.g., work, finances, friends, etc.)
5. As we near the end of Proverbs, you've read quite a few nuggets of God's wisdom that He would like you to act upon. Were there any verses that stood out in Proverbs 30? If so, how can they be applied to your life today?
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