January 25, 2024
Big Book Idea
Living wisely; God's way.
Many a man proclaims his own steadfast love,
but a faithful man who can find?
1
Wine is a mocker, strong drink a brawler,
and whoever is led astray by it is not wise.
1
20:1
Or will not become wise
2
The terror of a king is like the growling of a lion;
whoever provokes him to anger forfeits his life.
3
It is an honor for a man to keep aloof from strife,
but every fool will be quarreling.
4
The sluggard does not plow in the autumn;
he will seek at harvest and have nothing.
5
The purpose in a man's heart is like deep water,
but a man of understanding will draw it out.
6
Many a man proclaims his own steadfast love,
but a faithful man who can find?
7
The righteous who walks in his integrity—
blessed are his children after him!
8
A king who sits on the throne of judgment
winnows all evil with his eyes.
9
Who can say, “I have made my heart pure;
I am clean from my sin”?
10
Unequal
2
20:10
Or Two kinds of; also verse 23
weights and unequal measures
are both alike an abomination to the LORD.
11
Even a child makes himself known by his acts,
by whether his conduct is pure and upright.
3
20:11
Or Even a child can dissemble in his actions, though his conduct seems pure and upright
12
The hearing ear and the seeing eye,
the LORD has made them both.
13
Love not sleep, lest you come to poverty;
open your eyes, and you will have plenty of bread.
14
“Bad, bad,” says the buyer,
but when he goes away, then he boasts.
15
There is gold and abundance of costly stones,
but the lips of knowledge are a precious jewel.
16
Take a man's garment when he has put up security for a stranger,
and hold it in pledge when he puts up security for foreigners.
4
20:16
Or for an adulteress (compare 27:13)
17
Bread gained by deceit is sweet to a man,
but afterward his mouth will be full of gravel.
18
Plans are established by counsel;
by wise guidance wage war.
19
Whoever goes about slandering reveals secrets;
therefore do not associate with a simple babbler.
5
20:19
Hebrew with one who is simple in his lips
20
If one curses his father or his mother,
his lamp will be put out in utter darkness.
21
An inheritance gained hastily in the beginning
will not be blessed in the end.
22
Do not say, “I will repay evil”;
wait for the LORD, and he will deliver you.
23
Unequal weights are an abomination to the LORD,
and false scales are not good.
24
A man's steps are from the LORD;
how then can man understand his way?
25
It is a snare to say rashly, “It is holy,”
and to reflect only after making vows.
26
A wise king winnows the wicked
and drives the wheel over them.
27
The spirit
6
20:27
Hebrew breath
of man is the lamp of the LORD,
searching all his innermost parts.
28
Steadfast love and faithfulness preserve the king,
and by steadfast love his throne is upheld.
29
The glory of young men is their strength,
but the splendor of old men is their gray hair.
30
Blows that wound cleanse away evil;
strokes make clean the innermost parts.
Proverbs itself mentions Solomon (reigned c. 971–931 B.C.) as author or collector of its contents (1:1; 10:1), including the proverbs copied by Hezekiah’s men (25:1). There are also two batches of sayings from a group called “the wise” (22:17–24:22; 24:23–34), and “oracles” from Agur (30:1–33) and Lemuel (31:1–9). No author is named for the song in praise of the excellent wife that ends the book (31:10–31). Although Proverbs was begun in the time of Solomon, it probably was not in its present form until the time of Hezekiah (reigned c. 715–686 B.C.).
The goal of the book is stated right at the beginning (1:1–7): to describe what wisdom is and to help God’s people become wise. Wisdom is founded in the “fear of the Lord,” and it enables believers to express their faith in the practical details of everyday life.
The book is addressed to a young man. The situations he will face while he is young receive much attention. These situations supply concrete examples from which all readers can apply lessons to their own lives. Anyone who is wise and who pays attention will benefit (1:5) from this instruction.
The reader of Proverbs must seek to understand the various types of people the book describes. The most obvious characters in the book are the wise, the fool, and the simple. Proverbs urges its readers to be wise, which means embracing God’s covenant and living out the covenant in everyday situations (compare 2:2; 10:1). The fool is the person who constantly opposes God’s covenant (1:7b). The simple is the person who is not firmly committed, either to wisdom or to folly; he is easily misled (14:15).
The first nine chapters of Proverbs are “wisdom poems” that urge the reader to pursue wisdom. The main section of Proverbs—the concise, memorable statements of two or three lines—begins in 10:1. Proverbs often seem to be mere observations about life, but their deeper meanings will reveal themselves if the following questions are kept in mind: (1) What virtue does this proverb commend? (2) What vice does it disapprove of? (3) What value does it affirm?
Proverbs offers wisdom on a wide array of topics from daily life: diligence and laziness (6:6–11); friendship (3:27–28; 18:24); speech (10:19–21); marriage (18:22; 19:14); child rearing (22:6); domestic peace (15:17; 17:1); work (11:1); getting along and good manners (23:1–2; 25:16–17; 26:17–19; 27:14); eternity (14:32; 23:17–18); and much more. It shows that “godliness is of value in every way, as it holds promise for the present life and also for the life to come” (1 Tim. 4:8).
Wisdom is a key term in Job, Proverbs, and Ecclesiastes. The word can mean “skilled at making sound decisions in life.” Proverbs 9:10 states that “the fear of the LORD is the beginning of wisdom.”
A different kind of security. In biblical times, if a person was unable to pay his debt, the consequences could be serious. The whole family could be sold into slavery. If someone put up “security” for another person, he promised to pay that person’s debt if he was unable to do so himself. Proverbs teaches that putting up security for another person is generally unwise, since those who do so risk losing everything if the other person cannot pay his debt (11:15).
Hezekiah’s contribution to Proverbs. Although most of the Proverbs were collected or written by King Solomon, who reigned from 971–931 B.C., the book of Proverbs did not exist in its present form until the time of King Hezekiah, some 200 years later. Hezekiah and “his men,” probably his scribes, recorded chs. 25–29.
Rock badgers are small cliff-dwelling animals closely resembling guinea pigs. They live and forage for food in large groups and are good at hiding. They are best known for posting sentries that alert the group when danger is near. Perhaps it was this mark of wisdom that earned them a mention in Proverbs (30:26).
Unequal weights. The price for some goods was fixed according to their weight. If the seller’s scales were unequal (20:23), the buyer could be charged far more than the fair price of the goods.
Romans 3 | OT Reference |
---|---|
Sinful Condition | |
v. 10, none is righteous | Ps. 14:3/53:3; Eccles. 7:20 |
v. 11a, no one understands | Ps. 14:2/53:2 |
v. 11b, no one seeks for God | Ps. 14:2/53:2 |
v. 12, all have turned aside; together they have become worthless; no one does good, not even one | Ps. 14:3/53:3 |
Sinful Speech (note progression from throat to tongue to lips) | |
v. 13a, b, their throat is an open grave; they use their tongues to deceive | Ps. 5:10, Septuagint (English, 5:9) |
v. 13c, the venom of asps is under their lips | Ps. 140:3 |
v. 14, their mouth is full of curses and bitterness | Ps. 10:7 |
Sinful Action | |
v. 15, their feet are swift to shed blood | Prov. 1:16/Isa. 59:7 |
v. 16, in their paths are ruin and misery | Isa. 59:7 |
v. 17, and the way of peace they have not known | Isa. 59:8 |
Summary Statement | |
v. 18, there is no fear of God before their eyes | Ps. 36:1 |
Prov. 20:2 The first line of this proverb is almost identical to 19:12a. But 19:12b speaks of the king’s favor, while 20:2b speaks only of his anger. The text does not say that a king’s anger is always justified, only that it is lethal. Therefore, one should take care.
Prov. 20:8 winnows all evil. That is, he sorts and separates it out, and then removes it.
Unequal weights. The price for some goods was fixed according to their weight. If the seller’s scales were unequal (20:23), the buyer could be charged far more than the fair price of the goods.
Prov. 20:8–12 This catalog of proverbs looks at judgment from various angles. The purpose of a king, representing human government, is to restrain evil through acts of judgment (v. 8). Awareness of one’s own guilt should make one merciful in judging others (v. 9). Scales (commercial tools that are often used as symbols of judgment) should be fair, balanced, and impartial (v. 10; see 11:1). People’s actions show what they are, and this applies even to children (20:11). As God made both the eye and the ear, he knows best how to assess a person or situation. His judgment will be final and decisive (v. 12). Sometimes these proverbs balance one another: God’s people need to be forgiving, but they also need to be able to judge good and evil in others.
Prov. 20:13–17 These proverbs all relate to wealth. Laziness leads to poverty (v. 13). People will set a value on something as it suits them (v. 14). Wisdom is better than wealth (v. 15). One should not trust a man who gets involved in foolish debts (v. 16). The pleasures that come from dishonest gain are brief (v. 17).
Prov. 20:20–21 The person who despises parental authority will eventually face utter darkness (compare Ex. 20:12). An inheritance gained hastily in the beginning. Too much wealth given too soon is often spent greedily, and so it does not last (see note on Prov. 13:11). In Israel, land was given as an inheritance for the continued welfare of the family (see 13:22), not to use simply for one’s personal pleasure.
Unequal weights. The price for some goods was fixed according to their weight. If the seller’s scales were unequal (20:23), the buyer could be charged far more than the fair price of the goods.
Prov. 20:22–25 These four proverbs teach that God, not people (v. 22), is the judge and avenger. He detests all unfair bias in human judgment, as represented by uneven scales. Verse 24 emphasizes the mystery of divine sovereignty (see Ps. 37:23; Jer. 10:23). A person makes his own decisions and is responsible for them, but it is also true that God directs the steps of each.
Prov. 20:26–27 Drives the wheel over them refers to a heavy cart being drawn over the grain to separate the wheat from the chaff. For the health of his kingdom, a wise king must root out evildoers. The king can only use exterior acts to judge a person. God, by contrast, sees the innermost parts (see 1 Sam. 16:7). God’s judgment is thus more fair and more effective.
Prov. 20:28 God’s steadfast love and faithfulness was the foundation of the Davidic dynasty (1 Kings 3:6; 8:23; Ps. 89:28). God’s faithfulness, rather than human wisdom or power, is what will preserve the king.
Solomon is giving divine counsel here on living wisely. How someone leads themselves and others reflects if they are led by God (the wise) or not (the foolish). From this passage we see what I call the four Rs in living wisely God's way:
Reverence: Living God's way begins with a reverence for the Lord (Proverbs 1:2-7; 20:12, 24)—having a right view of God and believing His way and Word are better than ours and for our good, regardless of our perception or feelings.
Reality: The reality of our human condition before God is that we are prone to sin (Proverbs 20:9). The passage points to many warnings about and examples of our sinful nature in both thought and action. When we are not honest about our sinful condition, we can fall into the trap of pride, boasting in ourselves (Proverbs 20:6).
Resources: God has given provisions for us to grow in godliness—His people (the church and community), His Spirit, and His Word. We are not meant to do life alone and need the counsel of the church and community to continually help us grow and make wise decisions (Proverbs 20:18).
Redeemer: Living God's way is centered on God's redemptive work by God's grace through faith in Jesus Christ our Redeemer (Titus 3:4-5). God is the one who intervenes in our lives to help us see our need for Christ through the gospel. For God to direct our steps and open our eyes to follow Jesus is truly a miracle from Him.
When we fix our eyes on Jesus, yield our lives daily to God's Spirit, and allow His Word to inform our lives, we no longer see ourselves in light of Proverbs 20:6. Instead, we see the gospel in our lives by Christ's steadfast love and faithfulness (1 Corinthians 1:9).
Weekly, I get to do life and walk with college athletes, learning these same truths alongside them. While following Jesus is not a guarantee of perfection for any of us, it is a privilege to see others growing in the knowledge of God's grace through Jesus Christ for eternal salvation and daily sanctification.
This month's memory verse
with all humility and gentleness, with patience, bearing with one another in love,
1. What attributes of God are revealed in this passage. Why is that a comforting revelation?
2. Are there any circumstances currently in your life that make it difficult to see or trust God's sovereignty?
3. What provision of God (His People, His Spirit, or His Word) is the hardest to turn to right now and why?
4. Is there an area of your life in which you sense God is calling you to turn from hypocrisy to integrity?
As we gear up to release even more features for Join The Journey in 2025, our staff team, unfortunately, no longer has the margin to continue to support the comment functionality. We have big things in store for Join The Journey 2025. Stay tuned!
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